Sustainable Redevelopment of the Riverside in the City of Antwerp

Introduction TheH2O forepart has yielded touchable societal, recreational and environmental benefits therefore pulling the involvement of many ; powerful involvements have realized its political and economic position. The symbolic and economic significance of waterfronts has been reinforced where excess ports or renewal have provided big piece of lands of development land near to bing urban Centres, in some instances enabling major extensions to the nucleus. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.be/books? hl=nl & A ; lr= & A ; id=2ZZFAAAAQBAJ & A ; oi=fnd & A ; pg=PR1 & A ; dq=the+water+front+of+antwerp & A ; ots=lPY-qiuSUC & amp ; sig=szihP7Z8ykMrvL-JzFIh1jX0nzM # v=onepage & A ; q=the % 20water % 20front % 20of % 20antwerp & A ; f=false ) Filip and lorquet explained Antwerp as one of those universe metropoliss deeply attached and connected to its river Scheldt ; get downing organize a little colonies in a curve of the river, and so progressively entwined with its river curves, turning in to a mediaeval metropolis. This ‘organic’ and self-generated relationship was based on the obvious advantages of propinquity to the H2O, but quickly gained economic complexness in the late center ages ( portus, eliandus ) The increasing of the economic activities accelerated by the industrial revolution in the 19Thursdaycentury required the use of many big ship, taking the natural flow of the river to be straightened to travel for Scheldt quays, as a solution in maintaining up with the economic advancement and scaling up of the ships between 1877 and 1884. ( ibid ) and ( van de put, 2007 ) . Straitening the Scheldt River and the subsequent building of the quays in Antwerp brought about a historical breach in the city’s relationship to the river. The organic and historical relationship the metropolis developed with the river by a developed system of canals, recesss and reimports got disconnected from the Scheldt. The quays became an independent ‘intermediate’ entity between the metropolis and the river: an extended rock and concrete organic structure ( fig. 1 ) The Scheldt quays became the scene of heavy port activities and were closed away from the interior metropolis by Fe fencings ( Nunes, 2011 ) Fgure 1 In the twentieth century the seaport activities once more underwent a scaling-up and moved downstream to the North of the metropolis. Antwerp became a moderate-sized metropolis with a universe seaport. The quays remained as a vacant, deserted and undetermined infinite, with the warehouses and railroad. Paths as informants of the former activities. The edifice of the hapless concrete inundation defence wall at 1.35m above the land degree confirmed the position of the quays as an stray no-man’s land ( van de put, 2007, P. ) . Harmonizing to the advancement study, The quays on the right bank of the Scheldt are a stretch of 7 kilometres long and 100 metres broad, from Petroleum South to the dry docks Island. The derelict port substructure today forms a barrier between the metropolis and the Scheldt. The renovation of one of the most of import public infinites in the metropolis of Antwerp is to convey back closer to the watercourse. ( 20140301 ) With the inundation of 1976, the quay wall was non high plenty to protect the metropolis from storm tide, and the current concrete dike wall was erected, Climate alteration is expected that the H2O degree will lift further in the hereafter. This may intend that, in storms, the tallness of the dike wall is no longer plenty to protect Antwerp sufficient, The dike must therefore higher [ I ] . Therefore, the chief and immediate ground for the planned renovation of the riverbank is to protect the metropolis of Antwerp against possible implosion therapy in the hereafter. For that beef uping the quay wall in the first topographic point and increasing the weir is necessary. The redevelopment of the quays is the biggest undertaking in the Flemish Sigma Plan in urban context. ( progress study ) Recently the challenge refering the metropolis – river relation has got a new dimension. Harmonizing to the Sigma program the inundation barrier needs to be heightened another 90cm, which brings it to a degree of 2.25m above the land degree. It needs no farther account that this intercession will alter dramatically the experience of the quays itself and the unfastened position between the metropolis and the river ( van de put, 2007 ) but besides require the remotion of today’s strip of quays, a 23 000 square meter port barren with tonss of hints and memories of its industrial yesteryear, complete with jury-rigged utilizations and a easy establishing urbanity. In order to reconquer this waterfront while doing it flood immune, the metropolis of Antwerp commissioned a multidisciplinary squad led Proap landscape designers with WIT and D-RECTA on a competition entry that, alternatively of a unequivocal design strategy, proposes a toolkit of possible quay faculties that can b e combined to organize the new waterfront profile in a participative and bit-by-bit procedure affecting multiple stakeholders ( Babette, 2011 ) . Therefore, the maestro program Scheldekaaien has three aims [ two ] : – Reconstruction of the quay country as one of the most outstanding public infinites in Antwerp ; – Stabilization of the quay wall ; – Raising the weir until 9:25 TAW in conformity with the updated Sigma program. ( 20140301 ) Undertaking description The renovation of the riverbank is a joint enterprise of the metropolis of Antwerp, which is responsible for the renovation of the quay country as a public sphere, and the Flemish Region, which nv via Waterways and Sea Canal. Responsible for the stabilisation of the quay, the execution of the updated Sigma program and pull off the quay countries. ( 20140301 ) â€Å"The reestablishment of Antwerp’s connexion to its waterfront has been a end for the city’s contrivers for more than a decennary, but merely late have forces aligned to do that dream non merely a practical world but besides a necessity. The 130-year-old bluestone quay wall running along the Scheldt ( pronounced â€Å"Skel-duh† by locals ) has deteriorated to the point where Reconstruction is no longer a luxury. At the same clip, the full seaport must be brought into conformity with the state’s Sigma Plan, a regional flood-prevention enterprise foremost implemented in 1977 as a response to massive implosion therapy and so recommissioned in 2004, which requires that the metropolis be fortified to defy a 4,000-year storm.† [ three ] The Scheldt is non merely the ‘raison d’etre’ for Antwerp, it is besides a menace. Tidal kineticss of the H2O degree are apparent far inland of the estuary, and even enlarged by the embankment. The river besides means flood menace and possible catastrophe. Since the concrete wall built in 1978, Antwerp got wholly divorced from its river and as it described earlier, the actualized Sigma program demands a rise of the protection degree to 9,25m TAW, 90 centimeter higher than the existent protective wall so as to do certain the protection of the metropolis from inundation. But, farther raising the degree of the wall means a 2,25m wall above the quay surface that would blockade all positions to the river and render the quay surface barely accessible. So the new inundation protection can non merely be a mere protective infrastructural device. This twelvemonth, the concluding Maestro program for the Scheldt Quays, designed by PROAP and WIT designers, is up for blessing. In a alone manner, the Master program surveies and integrates the flood-defense as a stipulation and a structuring component for public infinite, whereas the coveted public infinite in bend determines possibilities for the flood-defense. The new inundation protection design should arouse the experience of the river. So location and nature of the inundation protection are defined harmonizing to the next urban infinite or urban tissue. Located near the river, the quays become portion of the urban infinite, whereas a location near to the metropolis safeguards the existent character of the immense quay surface as a floodable country. Specifying the nature of the inundation protection – fixed or nomadic – it deliberates the positions on the river, and will make this within rigorous conditions of safety, cost and feasibleness. â€Å"That procedure will be governed by a series of 10 topographical subdivisions that read from above like the keys of a piano. Each key will turn to the river in a distinguishable manner: one subdivision, resting on pontoons, will lift and fall with the tides ; another will incline down bit by bit from a protective berm ; a 3rd will cantilever out over the H2O, ever negociating between H2O and worlds while including the varying inundation degrees of the river. All appropriately answer the demands of the Sigma Plan while retaining access—visual and physical—to the river† [ four ] The instead definite character of this unreal protection device demands a really accurate reconciliation between fixed or nomadic, difficult and soft. The Mobile barriers will safeguard positions on the Scheldt and heighten the handiness of the quay platform ( even if the consequences of the proficient survey specify a minimal threshold of 7,65m TAW or a medium threshold of 7,80m TAW ) . Fixed barriers reach the actualized Sigma degree of 9,25m TAW. They obstruct the positions towards the river, but at the same clip explicit the nothingness near the metropolis. The sequence of fixed and nomadic solutions is meticulously staged. About the territories Definition of s.d The construct of sustainable development is the consequence of the turning consciousness of the planetary ; links between mounting environmental jobs, socio-economic issues to make with poorness and inequality and concerns about healthy hereafter for humanity. The procedure of incorporating issues related with the environment and socio-economic facets was largely famously expressed in brundtland study definition of sustainable development as â€Å"meeting the demands of the present without compromising the ability of the future coevalss to run into their needs† ( bilhood, 2005 ) However, it is by and large agreed that economic system, environment and societal equity are three first constituents of sustainability construct. To guarantee that the degree of sustainability of urban reclamation undertakings can be significantly enhanced, due consideration to assorted demands and outlooks of different nowadays and future coevalss is required in urban design procedure. Urban design is defined as ‘‘the art of doing topographic points for people’’ ( DETR, 2000 ) . It is considered to be a procedure to fulfill functional and aesthetic demands ( Couch & A ; Dennemann, 2000 ; Vandell et al. , 1989 ) . It gives design waies to edifices and infinites agreement in order to make a high quality and sustainable built environment for the citizens ( Oktay, 2004 ) . Previous surveies supported that good urban design could convey a batch of benefits to a community. Assorted parties are better off as more investing chances are offered, productiveness additions, higher return can be obtained, more occupations are created, a broad assortment of accessible comfortss is provided and quality of life impr oves ( CABE & A ; DETR, 2001 ; Couch, 1990 ) . Social sustainability refers to maintenance and betterment of wellbeing of current and future coevalss ( Chiu, 2003 ) . A undertaking is said to be socially sustainable when it creates harmonious life environment, reduces societal inequality and cleavages, and improves quality of life in general ( Enyedi, 2002 ) . ( Edwin Chan ? Grace K. L. Lee ) The World Bank [ v ] states thatâ€Å"social sustainability means reacting better to local communities ; guaranting responses are tailored to local state contexts ; and advancing societal inclusion, coherence and answerability.At undertaking degree, this means undertaking equal societal analysis and appraisal, this in bend allows for equal designation of societal chances, every bit good as equal extenuation of societal impacts and hazards, including through the proper application of societal precaution policies.† When speaking about project’s sustainability – from a socio-cultural position, it is necessary to measure whether societal inclusion, coherence and answerability were promoted throughout the life of the undertaking. For a undertaking to be socially sustainable it must affect local engagement or audience, in order for people to hold their sentiments heard, give them a sense of ownership over the undertaking and to do the undertaking more effectual within the local context ( kiristen and roman, 2014 ) Environmental sustainability â€Å"The term environmental sustainability refers to systematic conditions where neither on a planetal nor on a regional degree do human activities disturb the natural rhythms more than planetal resiliency allows, and at the same clip make non impoverish the natural capital that has to be shared with future generation† [ six ] environmental sustainability so is limited to and in fact becomes a subset of ecological sustainability as it is defined by callicot and mumford, as â€Å" meeting human needs without compromising the wellness of ecosystems† ( moreli, 2002, p.2 ) in other words environmental sustainability could be defined as a status of balance, resiliency, and interconnection that allows human society to fulfill its demands while neither transcending the capacity of its back uping ecosystems to go on to renew the services necessary to run into those demands nor by our actions decreasing biological diverseness. ( morelli, 2011 ) Talking about ecological and envi ronmental sustainability we have to see many facets uniting history, yesteryear, current, and future ecosystem demands, every bit good as to take into consideration all the nature and human alterations ( natasa, 2014 ) Economic sustainability For Solow, so, sustainability would look to be an duty to continue the contemporary economic chances ( such as productive capacity ) for the hereafter, non needfully to increase them. We may bask the fruits of the accrued capital and environmental resources that we inherit ( in the signifier of the income and comfortss to which they give rise ) , but we may non consume the entire stock. This rule requires us to go through on to future coevalss what we have inherited from past generations—since we did non roll up or bring forth it ourselves. It is non based on a claim of equal wellbeing for the following coevals. Continuing productive capacity intact is non, nevertheless, an duty to go forth the universe as we found it in every item. What needs to be conserved are the chances of future coevalss to take worthwhile lives. The fact of replaceability ( in both production and ingestion ) implies that what we are obligated to go forth buttocks is a generalised capacity to make well-being, non any peculiar thing or any peculiar resource. Since we do non cognize what the gustatory sensations and penchants of future coevalss will be, and what they will make, we can speak of sustainability merely in footings of conserving a capacity to bring forth well-being. ( anand and sen, 2000 ) Therefore, economic sustainability can be seen in footings of taking the current economic advantage by the nature or infinite without cut downing the possible economic portion of future coevalss. Political sustainability ; thepolitical sustainability of a undertaking can be analysed through the engagement of different groups, anteroom groups, the extent to which the antonym groups are allowed to take part in the undertaking and the political support a given undertaking has. Undertakings that are capable of leting the maximal degree of engagement and suit the different nterest that assorted groups have through a democratic and acceptable manner can be called politically sustainable. MentionSmits Filip, and Alix Lorquet. â€Å" Eilandje. A instance of waterfront pioneering. †Margot Van de Put, â€Å"Imagining a new waterfront for Antwerp† , 43rd ISOCARP Congress 2007Nunes, J. F. ( 2011 ) . Masterplan for the Scheldt Quays.Diedrich, L. B. ( 2011 ) . Site specific landscape architectural attacks in modern-day European seaport transmutation. Portus Plus, ( 2 ) , 1-16.

Advance Marketing FINAL Revision

With the current high competition being witnessed in all industries, companies are increasingly being faced with new challenges to come up with new marketing strategies that can ensure that they retain or even increase their market share.To achieve this, companies can undertake market research which is a process that involves gathering of information, recording and analysing the data. This process involves gathering information concerning competitors and customers that exist in the market.Market research is very fundamental in monitoring the companies’ sales and product performance. It also helps organisations get vital information that helps in expansion to new markets. This helps in determining or forecasting the customers that will purchase the product. This includes the customer’s income levels, their location and age among othersIndustry overview /CompanyThis paper will examine the Audi Auto Company in UK; Audi Auto Company is an old auto company established way ba ck in 1932, in Germany. The company has an emblem with four rings which is a symbol of amalgamation of four past independent auto companies that amalgamated in1932 to give way to Audi.These companies were, Audi, Horch, DKW and Wanderer. Today Audi Auto Company is a manufacturer of lovely cars which are sophisticated, beatifically machines that exemplify technological perfection. There are plenty of Audi car models some includes, 265PSS3 Quattro, the TT Coupe 2.0 TFSI S Tronic, the A4 2.0 TDI S saloon and many other models which are available on the market. (Audi Auto Company, 2007)Today, Audi Auto Company is an international motor company which its presence in several countries all over the world. It has established branches in many countries including the UK. The company’s UK headquarters is in Yeomans drive, Blake lands, the company is a division of Volkswagen Group United Kingdom limited.Audi motto is â€Å"Vorsprung durch Technik† which means technology progress. T he company success in the auto industry has been based on the company core values of creativeness, enthusiasm and commitment towards its goals.The company also is customer oriented and it strives to incorporate the desires of its customers in everything it does.   Audi Auto Company endeavours to lead the way through continuous innovation and setting new standards that define auto industry technology. (Audi Auto Company, 2007)Project statementThis research report critically examines and analysis marketing and its influences in contemporary business and with particular regard to Audi Auto Company based in the United Kingdom.This will entail thorough analysis of the marketing policies and strategies that have been adopted by the company, analyses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that Audi Auto Company undergoes in line with the ever increasing ambiguity and uncertainty that may come up due to effects of globalization and ever changing business environment.This st udy will also critically evaluate the effectiveness of this organisation response to competition and the gaps that exist in the marketing strategies of the company. This management report will further outline recommendations for new entrant in to the industry and what he should undertake in order to succeed in this ever very competitive industry.Pricing matrix;Pricing of a product is one of the marketing mix aspects and it is very important as it defines the worth of a product. Audi Auto Company has adopted various pricing matrix to achieve its objective of improving the company sales.Methods of pricingPremium pricingPremium pricing is the use of a high price which indicates uniqueness of the car manufactured and its magnificence.   This approach is applied when marketing luxurious cars from the company. (Cinchona, 2005)Penetration pricingThe company takes up penetrating pricing when introducing it cars to new markets or countries. In this pricing strategy, the price for the cars can be set to be lower than what it is in other countries so as to gain a market share.It includes a   low price strategy enables a penetration price which is necessary to allow more cars to sell at first but when it catches up, other pricing strategies are adopted. (Cinchona, 2005)Economy pricingThe company also offers it cars on economy pricing. In this case, the cost of marketing and manufacturing are kept at a minimum hence becomes a no frills low price for a product such as the cars from this company. (Cinchona, 2005)Other pricing methods are; price skimming, psychological pricing, product line pricing, optional product price, captive product pricing etc.The terms of access of Audi auto company products in the UK market pricing depends on factors such as the current tax rates in UK and the overall demand rate. (Cinchona, 2005)Distribution channel network;Distribution means a network for reaching out to company’s customers. It is important for any company to create well distribution channels that will ensure that the customers are able to get the final product without a lot of hustle.   Audi Auto Company has an elaborate distribution channel of it vehicles that it manufactures in the UK.The company has dealership with various companies and dealers who market its products. The products are market all over the world; the company also have several manufacturing plants in other countries which manufacturers and markets the Audi cars in those countries. Audi Company also has Audi centres, authorized dealers and other group companies which are used as distribution channels. (Audi Auto Company, 2007)Sales networkFor any company to succeed in its marketing it must have a strong sales network which will ensure that the company’s products reach the targeted market. A good sales network allows the company to be more effective and reach it customers with easy and on time.It also allows the company to respond to its customers’ demands and need more effectively as Dr Martin Wintrkorn chairman of the Board of the management of Audi AG underlines in his speech in the 2004. The company has a strong sales network in Britain that which has ensured the company’s sales remains at the top.He further notes that due to this strong sales network, the company has managed to steady growth rate over 7% in UK. The sales network of the company includes company auto shop that are located in major town and places in the country, and mobile units that serve to deliver cars directly to the customer.Cycle lifeThe company takes almost six months to be able to produce a new model on the market, the design department and the engineering departments are involved in creating new models. A new model is normal based on technology improvement in terms of safety, fuel efficiency.For example, in 1980 Audi manufactured a four wheel car named â€Å"Quattro† which was turbocharged coupe. It took them six months to advance it from the first ge neration of S4 to the new generation of S6. General this period mat also vary according to the technological improvement that the company will undertake.Advertising practicesAdvertising is an important marketing tool which is commonly used to market new and existing products. Advertisement process requires huge investments. There are various forms of advertisements; media such as television, radio and newspapers, posters and road shows. The company utilizes all the forms mentions above, to improve its sales.Advertisement is important as it creates awareness of the company’s products and well as keeping the customers informed. Advertisement is on form of market promotion that the company undertakes to promote its new model on the market. Promotion of new models can be carried out in different forms and the most common one is through product life cycle. (Michael, 1985)Audi has undertaken different promotional activities to ensure that its products are marketed to wide areas. Th e company has a sponsorship deal with Manchester United a foot club in UK as part of its promotion activities. Audi Company also is the official car dealer of the club, and some players like Wayne Rooney, Rio Ferninard and many more drive around in Audi cars.This highly markets the company’s cars. Apart from football the company also is involved in various other sports, giving its support to motor sports and polo game.The company has continued to concentrate on the markets in the UK, as the chairman of Audi Auto Company in UK, Dr. Martin Winterkon pointed out UK market is the biggest for Audi outside Germany and Audi will continue to strive to improve its sales as shown in the last six years. (Audi Auto Company, 2007)The diagram below explains the cycle which products can behave in the global market when it is introduced to the market. It starts from the introduction, growth, maturity and finally the decline when the consumers are fully aware of the products and services and there is no need for further promotions.

Advantage and disadvantages of social networking Essay

Since the advent of social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter, there has been much debate on their benefits and detriments. While social networking sites are a useful tool in our increasingly connected world, they can also adversely affect our development and the nature of our social interactions. Hence, it is important to first identify their advantages and disadvantages to effectively use them. Social networking sites offer a medium for people to keep in touch with their acquaintances and maintain constant contact with their friends. This increased connectivity opens new paths for relationships to be built and bonds to be strengthened. In this way, social networking sites help to complement and enhance a person’s social experience. Sites such as Facebook and Tumblr allow people to find out more about their friends’ interests, as well as their personal lives, which can lead to more fruitful conversations and discussions, leading to better and stronger relationships. Read more: Essay on social media advantages and disadvantages Additionally, social networking sites help people to share their thoughts and feelings with one another. Twitter is an example where this sharing of thoughts is facilitated in an innovative way. Displaying trends allow people to find out about current events and keep up with the news. By linking Twitter to other social media like Facebook and Instagram, it opens more possibilities for sharing and learning. Moreover, social networking sites can help bolster productivity by acting as a medium for people to discuss freely and share ideas, especially when face-to-face meetings are difficult to organise. Online discussions also allow information to be processed easily, are generally more orderly, and can be stored safely. Social networking also provides opportunities for studies such as surveys to be conducted easily. Hence, social networking sites can be used as a tool to boost productivity. On the other hand, social networking sites deprive us of face-to-face interaction, which is detrimental to the development of social skills, especially for adolescents. By removing opportunities for direct social contact, our ability to interpret expressions and decipher tones decreases,  affecting future interactions with others as well as our relationships. Lack of face-to-face interaction can also affect our emotional health as we require the intimacy and affection of fellow human beings to achieve emotional stability. Use of social networking sites also results in more opportunities to fall prey to scams and other online threats. Certain sites can be utilized by hackers to introduce viruses in various ways, or by scammers to con unsuspecting victims. Social networking make victims feel safe as they believe themselves to be surrounded by friends, making it easier for them to fall prey to such threats. Furthermore, social networking has increased cases of cyber-bullying, especially prevalent among youths, which causes harm to victims and in extreme cases, can lead to depression and lead to suicide. The perpetrators of these acts can remain anonymous in an online setting and can continually harm and threaten victims, causing much distress. Evidently, such dangers cannot be taken lightly. In conclusion, social networking sites offer great benefits when effectively utilized, but as with all tools, it inherently possesses some risks and problems which must be mitigated. As social media continues to evolve, we can only hope it changes for the better and continues to enhance our social lives.

Descriptive analysis of a place you feel special memorable qualities Essay

Descriptive analysis of a place you feel special memorable qualities - Essay Example But I really like my high school and I feel the same as special and memorable, with a number of qualities. Imagine that you are sleeping on a warm bed and dreaming, and the time is 6 o’clock, early in the morning. Now, you know that sun will rise and you have only a few minutes to wake up, and somebody is coming nearer to pull you out from your bed. What will be your feeling? For sure, I will consider that person as an intruder into your privacy. When my school days were over and I was asked to join a college, I felt that my school is with special memorable qualities and I cannot forget it. For instance, my memories on my school are interconnected with my senses. If I happen to smell fresh varnish, my memory will make me remember the newly varnished furniture in my school. The fragrance from the flowers in my garden leads me towards the flowers in our school garden. When I enter my kitchen, the smell of cooked food leads me to our school canteen. Even the smell of a hot cup of coffee leads me to the school cafeteria. The partial vision of a class room leads me towards our class-ro oms, and the complete view of a book leads me towards our school library. When I touch my old note books, I can feel the lecture classes. The day before yesterday, I happened to go through my old text books. Then, I realized that those text books can stimulate my thought on my high school classes. For instance, I felt that some of the books were interesting because those subjects were handled by my favorite teachers. On the other side, I did not like to open some other text books because those books were related to some other subjects, I was not interested in. While traveling to my college, I used to imagine that how the new students in our high school are enjoying their classes. I feel jealous of them because they are happily studying in my own school! On the other side, college life is different but cannot be wonderful like my high school. Now I realize that I lost some close

Pirvate law workshop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pirvate law workshop - Essay Example Henry Veine was driving the car. The children were in the back of the car and their mother Rachel veine sat at the front passenger seat. Though the children were wearing the seat belt, unfortunately, Rachel forgot to wear the belt. However, they passed through the small village of Henbury and reached at the crest of a hill, locally known as Egdon Brow, on the A746 and approached towards a double-decker bus, which was traveling quite slowly up the hill. There was a bus stop close to the top of the hill and the bus came to a halt to allow some passengers to alight. There were no double white lines on the road forbidding overtaking which allowed overtaking. In addition, there was no warning of Hazel Tree Lane traffic emerging onto the main road. So, Henry overtook the bus and reaching to the top of the hill, began to return to their lane. There were no vehicles coming to the opposite direction. Suddenly, a red Ford van, registered number E701 LUL came out from a side road driven by Mark Chapstick who was working as a fitter in C.I.C. Instruments Ltd and on the day of the accident was going to drop James McWatt (boyfriend of his sister), off at Telford. He drove up along the Hazel Tree Lane, where it met main Telford Road. He took a break to check all was clear and was intending to turn right in order to collect his Sunday newspaper. His vehicle entered into the lane of Henry Veine very quickly and hit the car of Henry Veine. At this, Henry became perplexed and could not make out anything as to the occurrence took place there. Despite, he tried his level best to save them from the accident and swerved to the right. Chapstick's passenger had a mobile phone and he telephoned for an ambulance. The ambulance took them in the hospital for treatment. Rachel suffered injuries to her left side and was detained to hospital. In this case, the statements have been obtained from seven witnesses as including Rachel Vine, Henry Douglas Vine, Mark Chapstick, James Andrew McWatt, Doris Warburton, John Barrow and Edgar Horace Walpole. Among them, the most significant statement has been produced by Rachel Vine, Henry Douglas Vine and Mark Chapstick. As per Rachel Vine, on 19th December, 2006, Rachel and Henry Veine couples along with their children set out from their home to see the parents-in law of Henry Douglas Veine at Telford by a car named Renault Megane, the registration number of which is R447 PDU. The car was driven by Henry Veine, his husband. They passed through the small village of Henbury and reached a hill, locally known as Egdon Brow, on the A746. When they reached at the top of the hill, they crossed a double-decker bus. There was a bus stop close to the top of the hill and the bus seemed to take a break at the hill and Henry overtook the bus. When turning to their lane, there were no vehicles coming in the opposite direction. A red Ford van, registered number E701 LUL, driven by Mark Chapstick was suddenly entered into their lane and hit the car of Henry Veine. Henry tried to swerve to the right to save the accident, but unfortunately he could not escape the accident. Henry and his family members were severely i njured. The passenger of Mark

Women are not treated fairly in prison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Women are not treated fairly in prison - Essay Example Through the work of Davis, she says that almost all the woman that were in prison during her time were either black or Porte Ricans (Davis 19). The very reason for her imprisonment was her political views even though the authorities claimed that she had committed he offence of conspiracy and murder. The high number of racial imbalance within the prisons may demonstrate unfairness in other processes that come before imprisonment as was in the case of Davis. Davis makes a resounding call to the reader by stating several times that there was bias within the prison and that the population dynamics in the prison did not reflect any reality with regard to the criminality of the people in. Further she states that the bias in the system was such that it did not favor people who were poor and that explain why black people and other minorities were found in jails. Davis further points that not all women were treated the same once they found themselves in the prison walls.   It is pointed tha t while women were not restrained while Chicana and black women were put in handcuffs (Davis 298). A clear picture of what happens to the woman can be summarized through the story of Shakur. From the onset, she was imprisonment on an allegation that she had killed state trooper, something that was false. Based on the wrong allegation, she was subjected to inhumane treatment such as being stripped naked so that searchers were carried out. This kinds of treatments were not done to all other girls especially Chicano and black.

How Important Are Supplementary Community Schools for Diasporic Essay

How Important Are Supplementary Community Schools for Diasporic Communities - Essay Example This essay stresses that supplementary education, therefore, plays a very important role in education of the young ones in the society. We have seen how pupils do not only acquire knowledge of the classroom needed to pass exams, but also values that are to enable them be useful members of the society. According to these schools, culture, tradition, and language are essential aspects of life of a society that are not supposed to get ignored as in the case that happens, one might end up losing their identity. They also have been important in dealing with racism that is central in most of the state schools that hinder the performance of the blacks due to lack of attention and lesser opportunities of learning offered to them. In China for instance, we have realized that they provide their pupils with additional education so that when they move to the American schools, they do not have to suffer in terms of under-achievement. This paper makes a conclusion that they can compete favorably and move to colleges that provide them with opportunities for better employment opportunities. Underachievement in supplementary schools in Turkey has been able to diminish due to the constant rewards presented to these pupils who have shown an improvement in their studies or those who have performed well so that those with poor performance can get the challenge to work harder.

Marketing project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Marketing project - Essay Example For this very reason the government and the customers are encouraging the investment of public and private sector into the sector; they are encouraging more of private investment because it is believed that they would provide with better quality of services. The system of nursing home started in 1980s and with time and has progressed over the years; more investment during 1990s and it is believed that by 2011 the government would have invested $123 Billion into the sector. The quality of the services is under question; there are few areas that do not provide the expected level of facilities and much important needs to be given on them. The customers need the facility but at the same time they would prefer such nursing homes that would give them the standard they are looking for at a reasonable cost. Because there is high demand for the services that is why any new investment would find itself good customers and at an stage of investment; Guardian Care will be a good investment for the people of China as well as for the company if they focus on the existing lack of facilities and services and provide the same and bridge the

Australian taxation law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Australian taxation law - Assignment Example According to the above definition of Australian resident for taxation, the Indian consultant does not qualify to be a resident, since the period of stay during the year of income is only five months. The financial year begins on 1st July to 30th June. In this respect, income earned by the Indian IT consultant between 1st July 2012 and 30th June 2013 will be taxed in financial year ending 31st July 2013. Further, according to provisions of the same section, income earned in July 2013 will be assessed for tax in July 2013. Section 6-5(3) of ITAA 97, income according to ordinary concepts states that income derived by a foreign resident directly or indirectly from all Australian sources is assessable for income taxes. 2. An Australian born viticulturist (wine maker) who accepts seasonal contracts in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and France. The Australian born viticulturist is a resident for taxation purpose. Even though the wine maker accepts seasonal contracts from foreign count ries, by birth and stay qualifies as a resident. According to ITAA 97 section 6-5(2), income according to ordinary concepts, assessable income includes all incomes derived directly or indirectly from all sources whether in or outside Australia during the year of income. Therefore, the Australian Viticulturist will be taxed on income derived from seasonal subcontracts in the stated countries. In Malayan Shipping Co Ltd v FCT, the court held that even though the company engaged in foreign trade, the management was Australian resident and therefore income derived from foreign income was assessable for tax purposes. 3. An Italian born tradesman who migrates to Australia on 30 March 2013. According to the definition of Australian resident, an individual qualifies to be a resident by among other things moving to live in Australia. Therefore, the Italian tradesman qualifies to be a resident by migrating to Australia. Based on ITAA 97 section 6-5 (3), Income according to ordinary concepts, the income of the Italian tradesman to be assessed includes that part derived directly or indirectly from Australian sources between 30 March 2013 and 30th June 2013 when the year of income ends. 4. An Australian born bank employee sent to a Singapore branch for 6 months. The bank employee is a resident by birth. According to ITAA 97 section 6-5(2), income according to ordinary concepts, assessable income to Australian residents includes income derived directly from all sources be it local or foreign sources during the year of income. Therefore, the income earned will be assessed in the financial year within which it falls. 5. A person of Australian domicile living in Sydney. The fact that the person is a domicile and lives in Sydney, Australia is sufficient qualification for residency. According to ITAA 97 section 6-5(2), income according to ordinary concepts, assessable income for Australian residents includes income derived directly and indirectly from all sources. This means tha t income for Australian domicile will be taxed in the year of income it falls. PART B CALCULATE the minimum amount of net capital gain which is to be included in his assessable income. You must indicate how every item mentioned above

A job application letter, a resume,a cover letter Assignment

A job application letter, a resume,a cover letter - Assignment Example nal potentials; housing facility is not available, the duty hours are 40 hours of work per week, and possible overtime may be required depending upon need basis and there is no drug test required for the job; however the government would have a background check. Occasional travel may be required for training purposes. According to the job description the candidate has to perform several duties; these duties include to asses patient care need and to adjust the staff appointments accordingly, to assess the opportunities of improvement, serves on committee and to review and revise nursing policies, must participate in problem solving, develop plans for the care of patients, formulate nursing intervention based on their identification of the diagnosis, consult with healthcare professional on patients to coordinate the diagnosis, must be able to promote harmonious environment, initiates treatments and mediations based on appropriate utilization of standing orders, must be able to operate specialized equipments, maintains professional knowledge through continuing education and must be able to perform other related duties assigned. I believe learning and expanding my learning to the world around. I believe in helping humans and ensuring that I do something creative with my life so that I can be able to serve mankind and the environment around. Life is about giving and I want to get so that I can give. I am writing to you with respect to your job announcement titled â€Å"Clinical Nurse† at PHS Indian Health Hospital in Pipe Ridge, South Dakota, USA. I have been working as a Nurse with USA Memorial Hospital for the past 8 years and over the 8 years I have been awarded 3 times as the best nurse award. I believe in providing the best of services, I am very caring towards human nature and the only reason I opted for a nursing degree and occupation is I want to serve the mankind; I want to give them a source of comfort and a piece of mind. In order to achieve my goal I have

Management Accounting and Finance in U.K. Museums and Music Dissertation - 1

Management Accounting and Finance in U.K. Museums and Music Organisations - Dissertation Example The main functions that the manager carries out comprises of decision making, planning and controlling (Bhattacharyya, 2011; Chong, 2009). In order to execute their responsibilities in an effective manner the manager needs timely accurate information. Hence, information is a vital parameter in the success of a business and in order to provide appropriate information, managerial accounting identifies, gathers, measures, segregates and reports the information to the managers in such a way that management processes are fulfilled. Therefore, management accounting is the field of accounting that looks at providing information to the management. This information includes financial accounting, information related to decision making and planning, cost management, control, performance evaluation and determination of cost for the purpose of financial reporting. Management accounting consists of the reports that cater to the need of the management (Kulkarni and Mahajan, 2008). 1.2 Overview of M useum and Art organization The museums and art organizations that falls under the culture industry, has currently aroused the necessity of accounting but the dilemma persists regarding the methodology that should be used in order to measure the accountability. The debate remains whether for financial reporting, scientific collection, heritage and culture should be valued more and the extent to which accountability can be properly served by heavily emphasizing on the general purpose financial reporting alone. The debate related to accountability in the arts organization and museum is a subject of discourse for the last few decades. This has been further exaggerated by the need for viability in the art organizations and museum for ensuring long-term survival. Accountability... The study reveals that the organizations are now looking at additional sources of income by organizing events. The events that they are planning to launch are expected to generate high amount of income for the organization. The management of the art organization have decided not only to sell tickets of the events in order to generate revenue but also look for sponsorship of the event. In this context, before organizing any event the management is setting targets in form of budget for the whole event. This budget is set as such the expected expense that the organization will be incurring and income that they will be generating are estimated. This gives them a clear idea regarding the revenue that they will be generating. Accounting techniques like variance analysis, activity based costing, budgeting and other methods are used in order to conduct the management accounting efficiently. These methods have been proved effective in achieving the future goals of the organization. This revea ls that the art organization and museums are not only focussing on generating additional income but also creating satisfaction among the artists and the customers. This essay makes a conclusion that the main challenge for the art organization is that the economic crisis has affected the funding which is very important for the organizations that are not running for profitable ventures. These challenges have made the organizations to shift their focus from profit sharing model to profit generating model. On shifting to this model the accounting techniques used by the organization has also changed.

The Impact of Training and Development on the Employees of the Insurance Sector in Jordan Essay Example for Free

The Impact of Training and Development on the Employees of the Insurance Sector in Jordan Essay The focus of all aspects of Human Resource Development is on developing the most superior workforce so that the organization and individual employees can accomplish their work goals in service to customers , All employees want to be valuable and remain competitive in the labour market at all times. This can only be achieved through employee training and development. Employees will always want to develop career-enhancing skills, which will always lead to employee motivation and retention. There is no doubt that a well-trained and developed staff will be a valuable asset to the company and thereby increasing the chances of his efficiency in discharging his or her duties, so our main focus about the practises of training and development in the insurance sector as it is a very important service sector . And to study the relationship between training and development with job satisfaction and morale among employees , inter personal relationship and customer satisfaction , employee motivation, efficiencies in processes, financial gain , capacity to adopt new technologies and methods , innovation in strategies and products , employee turnover , company image and productivity. METHODOLOGY: We are going to examine two of the most well-known companies in Jordan (Arab insurance company and Jordanian insurance company) through a qualitative research , data will be collected through a couple of interviews with some of the employees of the two companies from many managerial levels and by gathering primary information through literature review from recent journal papers and books. GROUP MEMBERS: * Sara khano * Bashar Kafafi * Lama Daas * Eman Khalil * Shireen Shakaa

Understanding The Conflict In Darfur Sudan History Essay

Understanding The Conflict In Darfur Sudan History Essay In the early 2000s, Darfur, located in western Sudan, was in the news. The reason was due to mass killings that took place. Scholars have isolated three predominant reasons for the killings. One being that it was an ethnic issue between the Arab North and the African South. The second being a matter of religion, the North was Muslim while the South was Christian and native religion. The third reason was natural resources and nomadic tribes that resided in the area. Most scholars believed that one or a mixture of the three reasons listed caused the violence in Darfur. This topic was important because hundreds of thousands of people have died and millions displaced due to the conflict. Another reason was due to the fact that the United Nations have not acknowledged that what happened in Darfur was genocide. If they acknowledged that fact, they would have to act. Going back through history could provide the origin of the conflict in Darfur. By doing so, it was possible to see how historians agree or disagree on these issues. Each scholar brought his or her own strength to the debate of what caused the war in Darfur, Sudan. Most of the authors narrowed their argument down to one or two main causes. Whether it was ethnic conflict, religion, land, cultural identity, politics, resources, or a mixture of any of these, each scholar used their research to the best of their ability to explain to the public why their argument best explained the root of what has seemed to be constant warfare. Amir Idris author of the 2005 book Conflict and Politics of Identity in Sudan, looked at the conflict as being the product of a radicalized state that transformed cultural identities into political identities.  [1]  He stated that this was the cause of the current conflict but he came to this thesis by looking into the past of Sudan. He focused on the enslavement of people as being where these identities emerged. He quoted Douglas Johnson on the Darfur kingdom, established in the seventeenth century AD, and how they raided the southern part of the country.  [2]  Idris continued his slavery argument by showing how in Northern and Central Sudan owning land was having a high social status but tilling ones own land was socially humiliating.  [3]  This was where the importance of slaves came in. Northern Sudan obtained slaves from Southern Sudan through raids.  [4]   These raids focused on the non-Muslim/non-Arab peoples of these states.  [5]  By attacking those who were not Arab or followed the same religion as themselves they used this as social justification for slavery.  [6]  As Northern Sudan continually invaded the South, this undoubtedly would cause tension between North and South Sudan. This also brought forth the basis of Idris argument. With the North constantly raiding the South there was a constant racialized interaction.  [7]  Northern Sudan Muslims claimed they were the descendants of distinguished Arab ancestors.  [8]  Though Southerners eventually converted to Islam, they were not accepted into society because they were African.  [9]  Idris argued that those involved with the slave trade were the ones who came up with the racialized terms.  [10]  By coming up with terms that described those who were not Arab or Muslim as inferior, slave traders could use that as justification for enslaving people. Religion and race tend to go hand-in-hand in Sudan. Idris brought up religion in passing when he stated that Muslims saw themselves as superior to those of the non-Muslim and Arab groups.  [11]  In these societies just because a person was Muslim did not mean that they were safe from enslavement as Idris pointed out.  [12]  Slave raids brought Western Sudan Muslims to the North.  [13]   Amir Idris argument about the fighting in Sudan can be applied to Darfur. Race has often been one of the issues looked at when scholars have investigated the causes behind the war in Darfur. The racial tension brought forth during the slave raids of the 18th and 19th century undoubtedly left scars that would reappear in the early 21st century. The Arab versus non-Arab conflict showed through Idris argument was a possible reason behind the systematic killings that took place in Darfur. In The Worlds Worst Humanitarian Crisis,: Understanding the Darfur Conflict, an article written by Ahmad Sikainge in 2009, he argued that the conflict in Darfur was due to an explosive combination of environmental, political, and economic factors.  [14]  The first area Sikainga explored was the environment. He gave a brief overview of the climate in Darfur. The Northern part of Darfur was vast desert, the South contained rich savanna, and the Central part of Darfur was plateau.  [15]  This striking difference between the North and the South undoubtedly caused tension. For people located in the north to see their southern neighbors with far more natural resources had to cause some feeling of animosity. Sikainge stated in his article that it was not only the vast difference in the climate that was partly responsible for the outbreak of war but also the land system, which brought fourth questions of ownership. He presented the Hakura system, which was the land ownership system established by the Fur Kingdom that ruled until 1874.  [16]  This system revolved around communal land ownership.  [17]  The local chief was responsible for allocating land to members of his group, which they would cultivate.  [18]  The chief of the Hakura would be responsible for settling any disputes that arose.  [19]  However, post-Sudanese independence rulers saw this system as outdated and put forth policies that affected the chiefs authority thus taking away his authority of settling disputes.  [20]   Sikainga highlighted one important cause of conflict was between the Northern Darfur nomads and pastoralists in the South.  [21]  As the climate changed, nomads of the North were forced down into parts of the South where the Hakura system was in place, and any conflict that arose between these two groups were settled locally as was custom.  [22]  However, as stated above post-independence rulers did away with the Hakura system, and the local chiefs were no longer able to resolve conflicts.  [23]   Sikainga, in his article, covered his basis as he also looked into the ethnic conflict that was present in Darfur. He stated that post-colonial government saw many Arabic speaking elites taking high-ranking positions.  [24]  These elites were mainly from the North and Central parts of the country, where the population was mostly Arab, and tried to forge a national identity between Islam and Arabism.  [25]  Sikainga pointed out that this national identity caused a rise in resistance in the non-Arab and non-Muslim South.  [26]   In his article, Sikainga looked at multiple viewpoints as the source of conflict in Darfur. He did not focus on one particular aspect of the conflict but instead he argued that multiple aspects led to the genocide in Darfur. He looked at the environmental issue, land ownership, and race as being explosive causes, each contributing to the conflict in Darfur. In the 2007 book Explaining Darfur: Lectures on the Ongoing Genocide, authors Agnes Van Ardenne-van der Hoeven, Mohamed Salih, Nick Grono, Juan Mendez, and Fouad Ibrahim look into the conflict of Darfur. They went about laying the groundwork with basic information. Once established, they dived into the cause or causes behind the conflict. As the authors of this book pointed out, there seemed to be a fallacy that the fighting was about resources.  [27]   Much like other scholars, these authors looked at race being one the main causes behind the fighting.  [28]  In addition to race, they looked into the heritage of slavery between Arabs and Africans.  [29]  This slavery went back to the 18th century, a topic that Amri Idris addressed in his book. As Arabs enslaved Africans, this caused the creation of an inferiority complex among those of the African ethnic groups.  [30]  The Arabs until recently were semi-nomads who commanded a larger amount of territory than their African counterparts did.  [31]  These authors pointed out that land was another contributing factor for the near constant conflict. For the Arab Janjaweed who attacked African ethnic groups their aim was to expand their territory and power.  [32]   The authors pointed out there were not always conflict between nomads and farmers. They pointed out that farmers, after harvesting their crop would allow nomads to bring in their cattle to eat the residue and fertilize the soil.  [33]  However, as the climate changed pushing the desert further south and with an increase in population, the friendly relationship turned hostile.  [34]  Traditional law once resolved this conflict over land, now the government in charge has turned a blind-eye to the conflict.  [35]   Race and religion have been presented, so far. This was most likely because these two topics are the most explored and researched by scholars. Not only are these two topics most explored but also they are both the most obvious causes to the conflict. It was also perhaps easy to research these two topics as there are more primary sources available. One scholar that went outside of the scope of these two topics in the crisis in Darfur was Fana Gebresenbet. She looked at the climate and environmental factors as being causes of the conflict in Darfur. One reason that the environment was important was due to pastoralism and dry land agriculture in the area.  [36]  In the Darfur states, there has been an irregular but marked decline in rainfall.  [37]  This decline in rainfall would be devastating for pastoralist and those who relied on the land. The area that was suffering from this decline in rainfall was Northern Darfur.  [38]  This decline naturally caused a decline in productivity.  [39]  While the people who lived in Darfur are used to harsh condition the current change in the environment has put strains on the people.  [40]   Two other authors who expanded on the work that Fana Gebresenbet did were Balgis Osman-Elasha and Amin El Sanjak. These authors looked at how droughts in Northern Darfur have driven people into Southern Darfur.  [41]  People of Northern Darfur are mostly Arabs and Muslims, while people in Southern Darfur are mostly African and either Christian or have their own religion. It was not hard to believe that there would be some conflict between these ethnically and religiously different people. Both authors recognized that the conflict was the result of many complex problems but they focused on natural resources.  [42]   As drought became more common, nomads migrated to the wetter parts of Southern Darfur.  [43]  However, as more people moved into the South, the added population put further stress on resources there. Osman-Elasha and Sanjack cited weak institutions and administrative power, because of their late response to the conflict over resources.  [44]  They stated that since the collapse of the traditional administration system, which handled conflicts over resources, it took more time to deal with these conflicts, which allowed them to grow.  [45]  Ahmed Sikainge showed the local administrative system and land ownership was set up during the Fur Kingdom, which existed until 1874.  [46]   Fana Gebresenbet, Balgis Osman-Elasha and Amin El Sanjak looked outside what other scholars have looked at by focusing on the environment and resources. As the environment changed people would undoubtedly have to adapt to the changes. However, with little resources already and with the changes in environment making the situation worse, violence over resources is a good argument into the crisis in Darfur. Sources are important to any scholars research. Other scholars will look at the sources that they decide to use for their research to see where and what types of sources they used. By looking at sources, they can also point out any sources that may be bias to what the scholar argued. A good scholar would try to incorporate sources that went against their argument so that they can disprove what that source argues. The sources that Amir Idris used are mainly secondary sources from scholars who have written on Sudan. The sources that he used backed up his argument. One author that he cited multiple times was Douglas H. Johnson. The reasons that are not many primary sources were because oral tradition was in these areas were widely used in these areas. Muslims did bring written records to the area. However, considering that Muslims were often the ones enslaving people in Southern Sudan, their records might reflect their bias. Ahmad Sikainge much like Amir Idris used secondary sources. The sources that Sikainge incorporated into his article were ones that primarily dealt with race, and the issue of land. Each author that Sikainge used he did so efficiently. He used research from Alex de Waal who has written on the subject of Darfur. The authors of Explaining Darfur: Lectures on the Ongoing Genocide used secondary sources one of which was a report done by the United Nations. What was good about bringing in a report from an international organization was that it is less likely to be biased. They also incorporated maps to show the ethnic groups of Darfur. Scholarly work was important. However, there was always the possibility of bias towards one thing or another. By bringing in work from a supposedly neutral source, they bolster their argument. The sources that Fana Gebresenbet used to show her argument are primarily based on the changing climate in Darfur. While she did use secondary scholarly work, she also incorporated works from numerous organizations. She used multiple reports published by the International Panel on Climate Change to show how the climate in Darfur has changed. Gebresenbet also used work published by the Global Humanitarian Forum and The World Initiative for Sustainable Pastoralism. She also used a report from the United Nations Environment Programme, another non-governmental organization. Not only did she utilize these reports in her work but she also used graphs to show how the rainfall had decreased in certain areas. These graphs are on many pages throughout her work. Balgis Osman-Elasha and Amin El Sanjak both used secondary sources and works published by non-governmental organizations. Their work focused on the environment similar to Fana Gebresenbet. Non-governmental organizations such as Food and Agriculture Organization, Foundation for Environmental Security and Sustainability, World Meteorological Organization, and African Centre for Technology Studies did some of the reports that Osman-Elasha and Sanjak used in their work. They used multiple reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and United Nations Environment Programme. Much like Fana Gebresenbet, Osman-Elasha and Sanjak used graphs and maps to show how rain decreased while the population in Darfur increased. Scholars presented their argument in a way that made it easy to pinpoint what they were trying to convey. Most of the authors focused in on one or two reasons behind the conflict in Darfur, while other authors looked at broader reasons and incorporated multiple aspects. Each of the books and articles presented has their aspects that build on the understanding of Darfur. However, each book and article has its flaws. In Conflict and Politics of Identity in Sudan, Amir Idris argued that it was fighting between Arabs and non-Arabs that has caused the conflict. Idris also brought up religion as it built upon his argument. While two aspects undoubtedly caused turmoil in the area, Idris focus was so narrow that he failed to consider that perhaps race and religion are but one of many problems for Sudan. While he did bring up valid points concerning slavery, his failure to broaden his area of focus by not including other possible arguments left his work, while good on points of slavery and the conceptions of race categories, somewhat lacking. Ahmad Sikainges article The Worlds Worst Humanitarian Crisis: Understanding the Darfur Conflict was a good article that outlines multiple aspects of the conflict. Because his focus was not so narrow, he was able to bring in more sources that better round off his argument. He looked at the environment, land ownership and the ethnic conflict as being reasons for the Darfur crisis. It was hard to find any flaws in Ahmad Sikainges article because he was incredibly thorough in covering his basis. Explaining Darfur: Lectures on the Ongoing Genocide authors Agnes Van Ardenne-van der Hoeven, Mohamed Salih, Nick Grono, Juan Mendez, and Fouad Ibrahim looked at race, slavery, land, and the changing climate as causes of the conflict. They covered many topics well. However, they did not look into the matter of religion, which is an important topic in Sudan. Fana Gebresenbet wrote that the environment and climate change was the primary cause of the conflict in Darfur. Because Gerbresenbet focused solely on the environment, she did not bring up other points of view. She did address the importance of the environment to pastoralist as they are tied to the land. However, she based the entire conflict of Darfur on the environment and land issues. While both are important for people who rely on the land for their source of food and income, she does not even address other causes that could have contributed to the conflict. Unlike Gebresenbet, Balgis Osman-Elasha and Amin El Sanjak both recognized that many complex issues contribute to the conflict in Darfur but they focused on natural resources. They do bring in the land system that other scholars have mentioned in their work. While they do not go into detail about the other complex issues, they acknowledged that the feud over land and resources was just a part in conflict. Undoubtedly, many problems contributed to the conflict in Darfur. Some scholars argue that it was ethnic feuding with religious undertones, feuds over limited resources due to changing climate, or land. The written scholarship on the conflict has been extensive. Scholars took their own unique approach to what may have caused the conflict in Darfur. They presented arguments may or may not convince readers of the origins of the conflict. However, they do show the many problems have plagued Darfur and Sudan for centuries. The genocide that was taking place in Darfur will undoubtedly not be resolved until these issues are dealt with.

Nelson Mandela: Leadership Skills

Nelson Mandela: Leadership Skills Nelson Mandela has been one of the best examples of what a leader is. If I were to describe Mandela in one word, I would say that he was, in everything that he did, a fighter. Throughout his life, he fought a lot of battles to bring freedom to his people in South Africa against the apartheid government. Mandela was born, and grew up, in the Xhosa society in Transkei. It was during his childhood when he first saw the troubles of his country like land deprivation and racism (Limb, 2008). At his time white settlers controlled and owned most of the land in South Africa. Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC), an underground political movement, in 1942 and became one of the youth leaders in the organization (Boehmer, 2010). In 1948, the National Party implemented the apartheid government, wherein races were forcibly segregated (Boehmer, 2010). At that time, Africans (or the black people) were obliged to bring a passbook with them all the time, which has all of their identifica tion. They were not allowed to participate in the elections and were forced to live in places away from the white (Magoon, 2008). In short, they were forced to be the underprivileged ones and suffer inequality in their own native land. Mandela believed in fighting for freedom through non-violent ways. However, he was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964 (Limb, 2008). Nevertheless, even in prison, he became the beacon of hope for the people who continued to fight for freedom. When he was released from prison after 27 years, he told his people in his speech that he was disappointed by the troubles of urban black life. He was against those who were harassing innocent people and burning vehicles, pretending to be freedom fighters. He said, Freedom without civility, freedom without the ability to live in peace, was not true freedom at all (Mandela, 1994). South Africa had their first multi-racial elections in 1994 and Nelson Mandela won, therefore, becoming the first black president of South Africa. Mandelas attitude should serve as an inspiration for a special education administrator. In spite of the trials and problems he faced, he stood his ground, believed in his principles and kept on fighting. As a special education administrator, one will encounter challenges along the way. One has to set standards and policies for special education programs and make sure that these are complied. He will be the one who will fight for the students under the special education program and assure that they get to have all they need in terms of education. It will be a never-ending fight. People will be critical to students with disabilities and they will often be discriminated. However, the special education administrator, as a leader, must be an inspiration and a strong motivator of equality. With this I end with Mandelas famous line during one of his trials: I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal, which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die (Mandela, 1994, p. 181). Special education administrators must depend on positive relations with local community agencies and other forms of social support (e.g., homeless shelters, foster care agencies/DHHS) in order to provide integrated transitional services for adolescents with disabilities. As such, special education administrators must promote, implement, and sustain effective collaborations. Identify how and with whom you should collaborate as a special education administrator responsible for the promotion of adolescents with disabilities and their independent living needs and self-determination. A fight fought by a united front is more successful than a fight fought by one. Just like Mandela in his fight for freedom, he was surrounded with people who he had inspired and continued to fight for their ideals. In special education, the fight for a brighter future for the children is not placed solely on the special education administrators shoulder. It is a collaboration of people, gathering for a purpose. People usually rely on family and friends for help but sometimes, their supports are limited and there is a need to search for additional help within the community. For most people, the Oakland County Community Mental Health Authority, as the administrator of public mental health aid in Oakland County, links this gap by giving assistance to those who need it (Community Housing Network, n.d.). The OCCMHA is in charge of providing services and support to adults with psychological illness, children with severe emotional disturbances and people with developmental disabilities (Oakland County Michigan, n.d.). The OCCMHA Board checks and assesses Oakland Countys mental health needs, regulates public and private services that are required to satisfy those needs, and surveys and recommends the annual budget and implementation of plans (Oakland County Michigan, n.d.). The OCCMHA does not directly provide the services, but it provides funding to a number of different agencies that provides direct services accessible to those who needs help (Community Housing Network, n.d.). It gives extra support for people with disabilities for them to expand their chanc es of relating, learning, working, playing and contributing their best to society. Aside from the OCCMHA, the Macomb-Oakland Regional Center, Inc. (MORC) believes that persons with disabilities are members of the society (MORC, n.d.). The MORC helps the differently-abled and the mentally-challenged to accomplish their dreams and desires. The MORC does an extensive service, education and training, and support. Throughout the years, the MORC has supported many children and adults leave from nursing homes and different institutions and integrate themselves into the community once again (MORC, n.d.). The ideas of Gentle Teaching, founded by John McGee, Ph.D., are being used by MORC since 1986. This teaching is founded on the principles of training the individual to feel safe, to feel loved, to be able to love others, and that it is all right to interact with others (MORC, n.d.). Another one is the Community Living Services (CLS), which is an organization that encourages individuals with disabilities to participate in the community and learn to live on self-reliance in order to have a more fulfilling life (Community Living, n.d.). The mission of CLS is to help each person practice making decisions for themselves, to help them learn to have and maintain relationships with family and friends, and to help them become full citizens of the community (Community Living, n.d.). Scenario: your districts special education rule waivers for resource room caseloads are set to expire in 12 months. You are the new Special Education Director for the district. The Superintendent tells you soon after you were hired that he wants the next round of waivers to be developed behind closed doors, with little of no publicity or involvement from the teaching staff or parents of students with disabilities. He also said that the district needs to save more money from the next round of waivers than the first approved waivers. Should you be concerned about anything? What kind of issues (legal, moral, ethical, practical) can you anticipate ahead in accomplishing this task? Certain problem might arise in this situation. The Superintendent has to be really careful what he puts on those waivers because in the end, his name goes on the signature line below the waivers and if something is wrong, he will get in trouble and that will cost his job. If the waivers are to be developed without the involvement of the teaching staff or parents of the students with disabilities, the school might not get the right resources that can help the students with disabilities with their education. Without sufficient preparation and conceptualization from consultation with the involved parties (the teaching staff and the parents of the students with disabilities), there might be serious complications (Huefner, 1988). According to Huefner (1988), insufficient preparation might lead to the following risks: Ineffective caseload management Any local education agency (LEA) would keep on looking for ways to lessen expenses. The first solution would always be to ask the consulting teachers to handle a bigger caseload than what he or she can effectively carry (Huefner, 1988). In the system of special education, a teacher could usually take on a maximum of fifteen students only for both indirect or consulting and direct or resource services (Lilly, 1977 as cited in Huefner, 1988). If a special educator is doing consulting services only, he or she could handle thirty-five students at most, according to the National Task Force on Teacher Consultation (Idol, 1986 as cited in Huefner, 1988). However, the Teacher Consultation Task Force argues that the number of caseload an educator could carry would be based on his or her experience and collective discernment (Huefner, 1988). Nevertheless, changes in student performance are insignificant with bigger caseloads (Haight, 1984 as cited in Huefner, 1988). Unreasonable and inaccurate expectations with the effectiveness of the program Special educators have a habit of jumping from one bandwagon to another. They use what is currently popular and when it does not deliver the intended results, they tend to jump to the next one (Huefner, 1988). They are just adding more problems to a series of problems, which could have been avoided. Insufficient funds Wang, Reynolds and Walberg (1986 as cited in Huefner 1988) have proposed the use of experimental waivers to allocate funds for integrated categorical programs. Their proposal could include the allotment of funds for consulting special educators that might risk the children in a regular classroom, whether they are special education students or not (Huefner, 1988). To avoid consuming all the accessible special education funds on students who are seriously handicapped, regular education should allot a portion of its funds for the fees of carrying out consultation services (Huefner, 1988). The principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL), as applied to the schools physical space, technology, and instruction, should insure access to the curriculum for all students. How would you design your schools physical space, technology, and instruction to meet the principles of UDL? Please be sure to address the principles of multiple means of representation, expression, and engagement when you are discussing classroom instruction. Providing the educational facilities should always be one of the top priorities. These facilities provide an effective and well-organized learning environment that would be a medium for quality education. The design should effectively suit the users of the facility. The environment must be constructed in a way that it contributes to the complete development of the individual mental, physical, and spiritual potentials (Perkins, 1957). When designing a school building, these considerations must be included: Accessibility The designer should bear in mind that access must be equally provided to all of the facilities. Ramps should be provided whenever there is a change of level, so people on wheelchairs or crutches will not have a difficulty. Other examples of these are the use of visual and audio signage and tactile strips. Aesthetics Buildings should be visually appealing and should blend well with the surroundings to foster a sense of belongingness to the community that it is part of. Exterior and interior spaces should be clearly defined to avoid confusion to the students. Keeping it simple and straight to the point helps in nurturing a sense of place. Cost-effectiveness In looking for ways to lessen the construction and maintenance costs, quality of construction should never be sacrificed. Giving up quality over quantity has negative domino effects and would greatly affect the quality education the students deserve. Functionality The designers should create a learning environment fit for the students that would help in their learning process and provide them with a quality education. Productivity in order for the school building to be productive, it should provide a comfortable and healthy environment in order to support the quality education provided by the school. Security Safety would always be the most important factor in designing any building. Factors for safety includes fire protection system and resistance to natural hazards like rain, Sustainability It should be taken into consideration when planning for the school building to avoid high cost of construction and maintenance of the building. The use of local and energy-efficient materials should be incorporated into the design of the building. Community-centered Create social spaces to promote a sense of community among the students. Social interaction plays an integral part in maintaining quality education. A student learns in two ways: books and people. Special education administrators are in a pivotal position for influencing and leading policy initiatives that cross general and special education, at a variety of levels. You have been asked to provide policy recommendations to a foreign government about how to include students with disabilities in general education classrooms. Based on your research and knowledge of US law and regulation, what would you recommend? The number of high school dropouts has gradually increased over the years, especially with students with disabilities. The rates when it comes to high school graduation, acceptance to college, and success in career or employment are very low compared to those students without disabilities (National Council on Disability, 2004). The American government has noticed that there was a decline in the quality of education in the country; so in 2001, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act was passed to improve students academic performances. The law requires schools to gather data on how the students are performing by giving out tests which will be sorted out by race and other aspects like native language and disability (National Council on Disability, 2004). Such legislation will aid a foreign government in the inclusion of students with disabilities in general education classrooms. The NCLB helps states and schools prepare their students, as well as those with disabilities, to be able to stand on their own, academically and financially (National Council on Disability, 2004). President George W. Bush signed it into a law in 2002. This act focuses on four basic principles for education reform: (1) greater accountability for outcomes; (2) adaptability and local control; (3) more options for parents; and (4) gives importance on teaching techniques that works (National Center on Educational Outcomes, 2003 as cited in National Council on Disability, 2004). The NCLB is related to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), which controls services for students with disabilities and gives individual accountability by using Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) that are developed based on the individual students unique needs (National Council on Disability, 2004). The IDEA protects students with disabilities from discrimination and assures them that they will acquire services that are made to meet their needs in special education (American Youth Policy Forum Center on Education Policy, 2002 as cited in National Council on Disability, 2004). The National Center on Educational Outcomes believes that the NCLB complements the provisions of IDEA by giving public accountability to state, district, and school levels for every student with disability (National Council on Disability, 2004). The NCLB, in relation to IDEA, requires students with disabilities to participate in the assessment of states and districts through the tests given (National Center on Educational Outcomes, 2003 as cited in National Council on Disability, 2004). One of the main requirements of IDEA is to allow children with disabilities to be taught in the least restrictive environment as much as possible (National Council on Disability, 2004, p. 16). This means that students with disabilities are to be taught in regular or general education classrooms (National Council on Disability, 2004). The inclusion of students with disabilities in general education classrooms has garnered support from different organizations and this has proved to be doing well in terms of social and educational aspects (Loiacono Valenti, 2010).

Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening :: essays research papers

The circumstances surrounding the composition of Robert Frost's poem "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" explain his use of "The darkest evening of the year" (L.8) which is closely related it to the greater theme of perseverance in the face of hardship. Frost wrote this poem, in November(Frost Chronology) 1923; on the same late night he finished his book New Hampshire (Jackson sec. 1). Being "a little excited from getting over-tired"(qtd. in Jackson sec. 3), he decided to venture out into the wilderness, probably to calm down. Frost hitched his horse to a sleigh and left on his journey to eventually find the "Woods" in this poem. Being in an "autointoxicated"(qtd. in Jackson sec. 3) state, Frost was mesmerized by the scene of the woods beside the frozen lake. He eventually broke out of his trance, possibly with the aid of his horse, by thoughts of prior commitments. The former statement is shown in the text by: "He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake"(L.L. 9-10) and the latter by: "But I have promises to keep And miles to go before I sleep"(L.L. 13-14). According to Frost, upon his return home, "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" "was wri tten in a few minutes without any strain"(qtd. in Jackson sec. 1). Therefore, Frost wrote this poem about himself and his journey. Literally, "The darkest evening of the year"(L.8), refers to the winter equinox on December 21st. But, if thought of symbolically, this line could be the culmination of difficult work, by the author, to finish his book New Hampshire. Furthermore the equinox aspect of "The darkest evening of the year"(L.13) symbolizes the transition, from the writing of a new book to its realization. Therefore, the meaning "The darkest evening of the year"(L.8) is dual even if the poem was not written in December 21st. In and of itself, the poem is an extended metaphor for perseverance. The reader only realizes this after having finished reading the poem because the information about the narrator's prior commitments and fatigue is provided at the end. In retrospect, the first stanza can be analyzed as the narrator's difficult journey. The middle and last parts of the text, like the woods, can be seen as the temptation, as is evident in the lines "The woods are lovely dark and deep"(L. 13). But the narrator overcomes his temptation shown by: "But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep†¦"(L.

King Phillip And Puwblo Revolt:compare And Contrast Essay -- essays re

5 years and nearly an entire continent separated King Philip’s war from the great pueblo revolt. Compare and contrast the causes and consequences of these 2 conflicts. The Great Pueblo revolt of 1680 all started with the droughts of 1660 when the Southwest had severe drought that brought famine and disease. During this, hungry Apaches who couldn’t find food on plains attacked the pueblos. This angered the people on the pueblos, but there new leader Pope’, a mysterious medicine doctor, tried to keep the Indian beliefs around and resisted the Christian religion. The Spaniards hated this, so they captured his older brother. This enraged Pope’ against the Spaniards so he held meetings to tell everybody that the Spaniards must leave. The Spaniards found out about this and arrested Pope, publicly flogged him and released him back to the pueblos. When he was captured, the pueblo people set fires in the Indian villages in New Mexico. To take care of the fires, the Spaniards sent troops to halt the ritual of setting the fires by pueblo people, and they arrested all of the medicine doctors, killing several of them. The people believed th at the doctors protected them from evil, so all of the pueblo towns wanted to unite against the Spaniards. The group from the pueblos went to the governor of Santa Fe and told him that if the doctors that were imprisoned weren’t released by sundown, all of the Spaniards in New Mexico would be killed. They released the prisoners because the Indians outnumber the Spaniards by a huge amount.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hate and anger was spreading throughout the pueblos concerning the Spaniards power in New Mexico. There was a small skirmish in Santa Fe that the Indians won, but Pope said they needed more than that. He wanted Indian organization, leadership, and a magic spark with which to set the country aflame. He traveled to each pueblo and won their loyalty during secret meetings he held. He wanted each pueblo to strengthen the courage of their Indians by cleansing the ranks of informers. He suspected his son-in-law as being as a spy for the Spaniards, so they killed him. The Spaniards found out about this and went looking for Pope, but he hid in the Taos Pueblo.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In midsummer 1680, Pope said the time was now for a revolt. Pope used his mystical powers to summon 3 native Gods to his secret chamber.... ...n’t find any alliances. Phillip attacked anyway, starting King Phillip’s War. After the attack, the Nipmucks and the Mohicans joined him by burning several English cities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In spring 1676, Phillip attacked Massachusetts and lower Rhode Island. All of the Indians from Phillip’s tribe were helping him, except for the praying Indians who were on the English side. Phillip relocated all of the praying Indians to Dear Island, while he continued his conquest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alderman, one of the praying Indians, knew of Phillips whereabouts and told the English where he was. The English killed Phillip and let Alderman keep Phillip’s hand in a bucket of rum so he could show everybody. His head was severed and placed in a cage in Plymouth for everybody to see.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The war resulted in 1/6th of the entire white population was killed, a cost of 90,000 pounds of sterling, and 25 English towns abandoned or destroyed. The fighting continued until 1678, when only 6 Indian villages remained in Maine, with only praying Indians surviving. The wars also freed up a lot of land for English Settlements.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

The Love Song J. Alfred Prufolk

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is a beautifully written, but yet somewhat sad poem by poet T. S. Eliot. It tells the inner thoughts of a lonely man who is seeking love of a woman, but his own fear of rejection causes him to stray from following through with the action. The poem title itself is very ironic because the character himself is fearful, anti-heroic and unromantic. For someone who is in love, wants to find love, or wants to be in love they have to be courageous and willing to take whatever it brings even rejection. It is clear that Prufrock is afraid of being rejected because in various lines of the poem we see that he builds up to ask a question then strays away into a different thought. What is unclear however is whether Prufrock is speaking to someone or talking to his inner thoughts. Early on in the poem Prufrock paints a scene that is very unpleasant, Prufrock describes his surrounding with phrases that indicate glum and depression. He describes the night as â€Å"restless’ and speaks of streets that follow like a tedious argument and also of the yellow frog. All this imagery allows the reader to see Prufrock unhappiness with his surroundings; just as he is with being alone. The feeling of boredom with his life somewhat presents itself in lines 50-52, because he says he has â€Å"known them all already, known them all-have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons. † One gets the feeling that Prufrock seems to feel that his life is over and has nothing more to possibly offer. Prufrock makes many references to time in lines 27-35, he claims there is time to â€Å"meet faces†, â€Å"murder and create†, have a â€Å"hundred indecisions† and a â€Å"hundred visions and revisions†. From this I gathered that he wishes he would have taken advantage of time and possibly done some things in his life differently. In lines 70-75 makes references of walking through narrow streets at dusk and watching as lonely men lean out of windows smoking in shirtless sleeves, there is a disappointing tone in which Prufrock says this that allows one infer that he himself does not to be like these men. He also speaks about being a pair of ragged claws scuttling across the floors of the silent seas imply himself being a crab which is also a bottom feeder of trash etc. I believe the statement about being a crab maybe an implication of how he feels he lacks any real importance. Prufrock follows these lines with the talk of strength to force the moment to crisis. This â€Å"moment of crisis† statement makes readers mind wonder what exactly the crisis may be. It has been argued by a few critics such as Charles Walcutt and Bruce Hayman on whether Prufrock does indeed want to marry. In lines70-75, Walcutt argues that this is an attempt to formulate a proposal of marriage that will soften the lady’s hearty with pity. I do agree with this because it already seems that Prufrock is indeed desperate to have love and is willing to say anything that will persuade this woman of his interest to accepts his proposal. Walcutt continues his argument with the line â€Å"strength to force the moment of crisis. † Walcutt says that Prufrock abandons his proposal due to his fear of ridicule, this I partly agree with. I believe that Prufrock is afraid making this proposal in front of these people at the party; the thought of a public proposal makes him nervous. However I partly agree because Prufrock worries about the woman possibly mocking him or even laughing at him in his face, this could be due to the fact that Prufrock himself does not know this woman very well and is fact basing his decision of a proposal of a mere infatuation. However Bruce Hayman sets up a different type of argument as to Prufrock really is and whether he does want to be married. Hayman infers that the poem may be in which a young Prufrock desires to sexually proposition, while the older Prufrock is interested in marriage. Hayman first make his argument by using the title, he says â€Å"A Love Song† is usually sung to someone whom you know well and with whom you are in love. â€Å"Love† is more closely associated with marriage then one-night encounters. I do with this point that Hayman has made when you are in love with someone you are likely to sing a love song or even to write a poem to them expressing such love. The fact that Prufrock is looking for love and has not really made any attempts to approach this woman makes no sense as to why the poem title has the words â€Å"Love song† in it. Hayman further continues with his argument by proposing that Prufrock may be indeed looking for a sexual rendezvous rather than a marriage. Hayman says, â€Å"If Prufrock were trying to make a marriage proposal, he would know the female fairly well, well enough that her presence would be a figure in his imagination. † I agree with this completely, a man that is interested in proposing to a woman would at least know the woman’s name. Throughout the whole poem there is never a mention of this woman’s name, it seems more as if he saw this woman and had an immediate sexual attraction to her rather than an emotional one. Hayman makes his second by pointing out that the two have never spent any time together, except for the fact that she allows him to be alone with her while she lounges on pillows on the floor. This makes the actions between the two seem more like a sexual affair between strangers than it does between lovers who are lounging around their home also the fact that throughout the poem Prufrock focuses more on physical of this woman, such as things she is wearing like the bracelet, shawl. His focus is on everything just below the neck, never does he mention any of her facial features. Usually in a poem especially one that uses the terms love there is talk of the eyes, lips or even hair. Critic Leon Waldoff makes his argument of the bases off Prufrock’s fear of love. Waldoff says that there are two fears that Prufrock faces that causes him not to follow through with any of his actions. Waldoff says Prufrock’s hesitation to ascend the stair where the â€Å"woman come and go talking of Michelangelo† and his repeated questions, â€Å"Do I dare? † â€Å"So how should I presume? † â€Å"And how should I begin? reflects his fear of acting on his desires and his fear is the reason he exaggerates the consequences of self-assertion. I agree with that fact that Prufrock not ascending the stairs where the woman he holds interest in is a fear of acting on his desires. I feel that if you want someone bad enough your fears would push you further. Waldoff Prufrock’s second fear is that his impulse may overwhelm him. I agree that this may in fact be another fear Prufrock has, I believe with him putting so much thought on when and where to approach this woman may cause desires to get ahead of him causing them to eventually capitulate him. Throughout the poem T. S. Eliot uses a few literary terms such I believe that Eliot uses literary terms into the poem to make it more interesting and to make the reader think deeper; to actually scratch below the surface. Eliot uses alliteration for â€Å"When the wind blows the water white and black†, â€Å"When the evening is spread out against the sky Like a patient etherised upon a table†,(simile) and in line 120 he uses the â€Å"peach† as a personification because the shape of the peach is looks like a butt.

“Edward Scissorhands” by Tim Burton Essay

What type of and what journeys are undertaken in the film Edward Scissor hands by Tim Burton? The movie takes place in an entirely artificial world, where a Gothic castle crouches on a mountain top high above a story book suburb with a goofy neighbourhood where all of the houses are shades of pastels and all of the inhabitants seem to be emotional clones of the jetsons. Edward’s Journey The main character, Edward goes on a major journey. From the beginning of the film we see scenes depicting how it feels if you are different and are amongst people who fit neatly into societies accepted roles. Edward is looking for love and understanding, which is something that you long for. He has been taken from his comfort zone to a more populated and somewhat scary environment. Edwards journey is learning how to trust, and how to fully understand that people with differences are sometimes better off alone. Taken from his comfort zone and being put into a busy and noisy neighbourhood, Edward realises that there is going to be major changes in his life in order for him to adapt to his new environment and new ways of living. He is an outcast, trying to find his place in a world in which he does not belong. He has significant differences in his appearance to the everyday person with 5 fingers and toes, instead he has sharp scissors as hands and an ashen white complexion. Burton uses this as a prop for discrimination, and that’s exactly what Edward gets. He knows he is different physically but wants to show people that he can love and he does have feelings and its whats on the inside of a person that really counts, and this is what Kim saw in Edward. Whilst Edward helps Pegg chop the lettuce for the barbeque, he see’s Pegg open a can of bettroot. He experiences a flash back that takes the ausience on a journey through an old lab or factory. The inventorappears and marvels at his cookie machine. He picks up a cookie in the shape of a heart and  holds it up to the chest of a robbot that has scissors for hands and is chopping lettuce. This shows Edwards inner journey so far, having been giving feelings and a heart. Burton gives the suggestionthat these inner qualities are more important than hands. Edwards Inventor died before he gave Edward his hands. When Edward see’s a photo of Kim his eyes light up with intense feelings. Upon meeting Kim, it was evident that their would be a connection between the two characters, and a romantic journey would soon be on the way. Kim’s Journey Kim is Pegg Boggs daughter who is going out with a dead beat called Jim. Kim acted as most teenagers would if they came home to find that there was a strange young man with scissors for hands sleeping in their bed. At first she makes fun of Edward and uses him unwillingly to break into her obnoxious boyfriend’s house. Soon after this event Kim begins to see Edwards beauty and uniqueness in comparison to the people she is surrounded by everyday. Kim goes on a an inner journey of self discovery and learns a valuable lesson of life in general, that being that it doesn’t matter if the person is back white or blue you accept them for who they are on the inside, and that’s all that matters. She has full acceptance of differences and believes in Edward. The Community However the Neighbourhood’s journey is motivated by how they can use Edward Physically. They learn to accept him because he can be useful to them. At First they were unsure, but when they saw him as an object for their own fulfilment, they were quick to accept his peculiar yet useful appearance There is one character in the film who lives next door to the Boggs family, She is a very religious women and tries to get the neighbourhood to watch out for Edward, and that he is a message sent from Satan, and he is no good.  At First this didn’t seem to worry the neighbourhood, but perhaps on the inside they were very cautious of his difference to the norm society. But not everyone shares sypathethies and some bad guys are determined to abuse the naive and innocent Edward. Suddenly, after the burglary, rumours spread like wildfire and suddenly once again, everyone is staying away from the lonely young man. Yet only Kim has faith What Obstacles or challenges do some of the characters undergo or face during their journeys. Edward The first challenge or obstacle for Edward is really at the beginning of the film when he is in the car with Pegg. It is obvious that Edward has never been outside his castle, he is fascinated by the surroundings of the town, he tries to look closer but hits his head on the window, not realising its their. It is soon recognised by the viewer just how much Edward has been out of contact with the rest of the world, something that would soon be changing. Dealing with the fact that his inventor died Edward was forced to move on with his life living totally by himself with scissors for hands and no real friends. He had to live with the fact that he was an invention that was never quite finished and he would never change, a task within itself being hard to deal with. This for him would have been hard to deal with but he used his time sculpting plants into animals and maintaining a beautiful garden, whilst in the winter when it would snow, Edward would carve ice sculptures with his gift and talent using his scissors. Edward has to face the community at a big neighbourhood barbecue where he is confronted with many different people and their attitudes. He was put on the spot to see all of these people with normal lives compared to him only meeting one person in his life†¦and that being his inventor, Edward only ever knew one other human, so meeting new people was quiet a large task for him. He had to watch the girl that he was falling in love with, get tormented by her boyfriend, but did things for her that were morally wrong, but did it out of the goodness of his heart. Edward knows that Jim is not good for Kim, but doesn’t try to stop her from being with him, instead he uses his somewhat peculiar charm to win her over, which he himself never thought was possible. Another challenge that Edward faces is that of which when he is confronted by Pegg Boggs at the start of the film. She decides to go to the castle, where no one else has ever been just to see if she could sell some Avon. She finds Edward and her first impression is that she tries to leave†¦but he says, † wait†. She stops, looks at him, and then applies some treatment to his face. He is scared when she touches him, but then just stands there. Its this trusts that started Edward on his journey to believing in others. Eating dinner was another challenge Edward faced at the dinner table. Everyone would watch as he tries to grasp a pea in the clamp of the scissors but no success. It would be even harder with Kevin (Kim’s brother) watching him all the time. It made him feel different and in a sense not included. Poor Edward yet again was made to feel as an individual. Kim When Edward first arrived Kim was not too sure about him, and her boyfriend didn’t like him either. She would go out with her boyfriend and come home and look at Edward, on the inside she knew she liked him, but didn’t know if it was physically possible. She was faced with a serious challenge when her boyfriend asked her to get Edward to join into the robbery. She knew it was morally wrong but did it to keep her boyfriend happy. Yet when Edward gets stuck inside the house, Kim try’s to get Jim to help but Jim is so obnoxious he quickly drives away. She knows in her heart that she needs to get Edward out, and knows he is scared. However the next day, when Edward gets home from gaol, He says that he did  not dob her in, and when she asks why he says that † I did it because you asked me to†. So Kim really feels for Edward, he has a gentle spirit, and it is clearly portrayed through his personality. What Discoveries or changes are made? Edward One of Edwards’s major discoveries is just how different he is compared to the rest of neighbourhood and society. When he actually gets out and sees’s what life is like outside his own home, he discovers that he is the only one with such a significant difference. And discovers that people with such physical differences are often discriminated against for being unique in there own personal way. Although this makes him upset, he chooses for it not to affect him. The neighbourhood accepts him in a perverse and freakish way, the people seeing him as a curiosity. He soon becomes popular for his gift of cutting hedges into pieces of beautiful art and arousing the dormant passions of spiteful housewives. Kim Kim discovers that it doesn’t matter what a person looks like, or what they do in their life, its what they have on the inside that counts. Edward has a pure gentle and kind heart and is willing to love her with all his soul. She realises that a persons emotions build their character more than their handsome looks. By the end of the Film, when she pretends Edward has died, On the inside Kim knows that there has been a spiritual change in her life. She no longer judges people by their appearance, but furthermore the content of their character. What techniques does the composer use to convey meaning? And what are the effects of those techniques? Tim Burton has always been a guarantor for visionary movie making a very strong visually driven direction. This style makes him a very  distinguishable director but at the same time makes him very unique as well. Burton always gives the material a spin that is unique and interesting, no matter how banal the subject may appear at first. With this film, however, he created a romantic drama with serious undertones, very serious and dark, to the point that the film’s opening almost plays like a classic horror film. Successful satire has to have a place to stand, and a target to aim at. The entire world of Edward Scissorhands is satire, and so, Edward inhabits it, rather than taking an aim at it. Even if he lived in a more hospitable world, however, it is hard to tell what satirical comment Edward would have to make, because the movie makes an abrupt switch in his character about two thirds of the way through. Until then he has been a gentle goofy soul, a quixotic outsider. Like all good fairy-tale fables, this one has a moral. People who are different are going to have a difficult time in this world. It’s an easy moral for almost anybody to relate to since almost everybody has felt different at one time or another, especially in one’s youth. What teenager hasn’t longed to be the Student Body President, the quarterback of the football team, the captain of the cheerleading squad, the straight-A scholar, the popular, gorgeous or handsome kid as the case may be, instead of the middling nerd, the undesirable, the social reject we’ve sometimes felt we were? But for Burton that isn’t enough. He also piles on layers of slight, superficial satire. He pokes fun at middle-class suburban living middle-class values, small-town hypocrisy, small-mindedness, gossiping, and backbiting. One of the most striking aspects of the film is its visual style. From the character of Edward, to the looming castle and the peculiar small town suburbia, everything is stylised to extremes. The neighbourhoods are all painted in bright pastel colours with houses that are as uniform as the attitudes of its inhabitants, and Edwards’s artistry only furthers the impression of a completely artificial world. His trademark use of miniatures is in full force with the long shots of the town and mansion. His camera work is smooth and flowing, and the film has a wonderful sense of humour The film certainly does not fall flat of a narrative even though all its focus is on the visuals. Although since it is a rather traditional outsider story, told in a very different way one could argue the plot is rather predictable. The presentation, the pacing and emotional impact created by the film is just as powerful and makes â€Å"Edward Scissorhands† a beautifully enchanting modern day fairy tale with a social subtext. It has a somewhat cyclic nature. Flash backs show Edwards inner journey. In one particular flashback Edward sees his inventor contemplating giving Edward feelings and emotions with significance to a heart shaped cookie. It’s in this flash back that suggests these inner qualities are more important than hands. The colour of these flash backs being black and white play a significant part in the movie. The black and white tones of these flashbacks emphasises the time change of the rather dark idea of a person being constructed scientifically, but still the most important part is his feelings. There are many shots where misenscene’s are used. Like when Kim and Edward hug. This frame shows them in a close up, emphasising this new love The whole film indicates an inner journey is taking place from the establishment shots in which the camera pans over the mountain and the village indicating to the audience of the unique contrast. The music used by Danny Elfman compliments every shot made. From the beginning when the camera pans over the mountain there is heavy tones of dark mysterious music, but when then put to contrast to the neighbourhood there is soft calm music and birds chirping. Its these contrast that help set the scenes in the film. Edward Scissorhands presents this outlandishly strange premise, but with a gentleness worthy of Edward himself, Burton demonstrates how Edward is just an extreme metaphor for the gangliness and isolation experienced by most  adolescents. Kim is a popular beauty-queen among her school set, but she isn’t any happier than Edward is. Besides, she doesn’t even seem to have a special trait or reliably unique skill, at least her new brother of sorts can cut hair, clip hedges, and provide excellent show-and-tell material for her younger brother. The film opens with a loving grandmother offering to explain to her adorable granddaughter where snow comes from, and then turns into a dark and disturbing parable of loneliness, nonconformity, and the tyranny of small minds. Edward Scissorhands, is a deeply touching movie, it isn’t overtly a Christmas movie, but it does touch on the grimmer side of the religion that currently dominates the much more ancient tradition of a midwinter celebration. The appropriately over-the-top performances from much of the cast and the overly bright fakeness of the world their characters inhabit might make it easy for some to dismiss Edward Scissorhands as fluff fantasy with nothing of importance to offer, but Johnny Depp won’t let that happen. Regardless of the oddity of his character, Depp keeps the film rooted in reality — whatever motive you attribute to the neighbours, the profound affect that their mass rejection of Edward has on him is undeniably, recognisably true. Edward is heartbreakingly poignant. His sudden rage, which he expresses by ripping his scissors across wallpaper and drapes, is all the more startling because he has been so courteous with his sharp edges before. His â€Å"fingers† snap and twitch when he’s nervous, which is often — not equipped with the verbal skills to defend himself, his despair radiates wordlessly. Even Edward’s humorous moments — as when he encounters the one piece of furniture to which he’s a serious danger: a waterbed — Depp imbues with a touch of pathos. How does â€Å"Edward Scissorhands† relate to the core text â€Å"My Place†? Pegg Boggs and Sally Morgan share a similar personality trait. Both characters have big hearts and kind souls. In â€Å"Edward Scissorhands† Pegg strives to help Edward deal with his differences. Just like Sally who tries  to get her grandmother to talk and accept her true identity. Both characters try to get their close ones to accept themselves for who they are, and to know that its what’s on the inside of a person that really matters, not what they look like. Sally excepts that Nan has been brought up in a different era and accepts this different, just like Pegg accepts Edward and his situation. However â€Å"My Place† and â€Å"Edward Scissorhands† involve completely different journeys in the sense that Morgan’s is a true account and autobiography of her real family and Tim Burtons film is a fantasy. This contrast shows that scissors for hands is a symbol illustration that is used to point out the discrimination felt by people who are actually physically different, just like Nan and Gladys who were discriminated against for their aboriginality. After Edward’s inventor died, he stayed living in the big house alone. This hiding away is parallel to Nan and Gladys hiding their Aboriginality. However both Sally and Pegg bring out the inner beauty of these people with differences and give them the sense of security and reassurance that they were both once unable to feel.