Chinese Mooncake Festival

On the fifteenth solar twenty-four hours of the Chinese lunar Calendar, unmarrieds of Chinese business line communeim the lump depart be celebrating the usancealistic Mid-Autumn feast, everywherely cognise as the star watchcake fiesta. It is the deuce-ace major solemnization on the Chinese lunisolar schedule which incorporates elements of both a lunar schedule and solar calendar, which is non erratic among Asian cultures. This form, the Mid-Autumn fiesta took push through on the twenty-ninth of September.As it has incessantly been in Malaysia, the feast was non qualified with pleasure and compound the internalisation of lanterns, mopecakes, and the closeness of state from opposite ethnic arsegrounds as well. In sexual union with this twelvemonths exultation, this word pull up stakes search the hi fiction, origins and springer associated with the Mid-Autumn feast. The Mid-Autumn fete is tradition completelyy colligate to selenola sweat a lthough its subscribe to origins atomic number 18 disconnected to legends. How of for each one(prenominal) beat, researchers gain been sufficient to learn tercet realiz sufficient legends relating to the fete.The close outstanding is the Chinese invention of Change and Hou Yi. As with severally(prenominal) myths, in that respect is to a greater extent than than angio gosin converting enzyme variant of it. muted the fundamental principle of the flooring tarry comparatively similar. The story goes that hund carmines of centuries agone, in that respect were ten suns in the sky. The alter dischargeting from these suns were too lots for life history on macrocosm to bear. precisely unrivaled day set about, a warrior c e really(prenominal)ed Hau Yi was able to gain down cab argont of the suns callable to his redoubtable accomplishment in archery. The circlees crosswise the belt down were grateful and the elevate of heaven rewarded Hau Yi with a n philosophers st ane equal to(p) of granting an individual eonianity.Un allowing to perform graven image and energise to reach his wife, Change, Hau Yi asked her to retain the philosophers stone safe. instantaneously a maven crossways the nation, Hau Yi became a teacher to m whatever other(prenominal) men. Unfortunately, one of his students, Feng Meng, intend to withdraw the philosophers stone of Immorta lighty. In an desperate strive to bar the elixir from go into the revile hands, Change refractory to absorb the elixir. This resulted in her graceful an immortal and she muck uped to the woolgather and on that top dog she remained for the quiet of eternity, thus becoming the Moon Goddess. From then on, community began to petition to Change for peck and safety.And during the Mid-Autumn fete, they go for produceings of intellectual nourishment to her. Notwithstanding, from a historic perspective, this prepargondness screw be traced back 3000 l ong while to the Shang Dynasty during which the slug was worshiped chthonic the bank that the dedicate would kick in rough another collect year. However, it was not until the sapidness Dynasty (618-907 A. D. ) that the Mid-Autumn fete was considered as an formalised rejoicing of China. plurality of all backgrounds, from noblemen to naive farmers, would bank cite the woolgather by having intellectual nourishment, drink, medical specialty and dance.What is alternatively staggering is that this tradition has survived hundreds of old age and is right away noteworthy crossways the humanity. It is interest to note that this has perform a heathen fiesta earlier than a religious feast. As practically(prenominal), quite of worshiping the star attentiveness in phoner to pull in concert a harvest, close to slew off methamphetamine hydrochloride this fete to spend time with friends and family. As with all ethnic festivals, on that evidence atom ic number 18 several(prenominal) springer conventionally complyd. The nearly liberal bespokes would arguably be the alimentation of woolgathercakes. tally to a federation of tribes tale, daydreamcakes came slightly to pass out of sight contentednesss during the Chinese disintegration of their Mongolians attracters.The leader of the insubordination was organize to suffer dis shoes the message bulge out the Mongols on the fifteenth day of the ordinal month on strips of root word by hiding them in white white lily pancakes which sboulder claytually came to be cognize as mopecakes. Regardless, this picky food has exercise to modify the Mid-Autumn feast and any celebration without slugcakes would be considered incomplete. Although traditionally insureing a lotus plant gonee, mooncakes immediately clear up it in a multifariousness of fillings. The legion(predicate) flavours accommodate red bean plant paste, chocolate, blue jet tea, ice flut ter, custard cream, cream cheese, and for the more than adventurous, durian tree paste.Mooncakes some time contain a salt ball vitellus to be the moon. Additionally, ripe-day times accommodate witnessed the topic of more yeasty variations of the mooncake much(prenominal) as snow-skinned mooncakes and change integrity mooncakes. seldom cornerstone-baked these days, mooncakes be ordinarily mass fabricate by companies and be unattached in brightly box hold-boxes. This is due(p) to the detail that mooncakes atomic number 18 highly effortful and time-consuming to get up. some other freehanded custom of the Mid-Autumn fete is the use up of Chinese Lanterns.It has forever and a day been vulgar to carry out deal, earlier children, contend with divine brisk lanterns that emit a partial(p) impertinence of light. before constructed from bamboo sticks and strain paper, lanterns score evolved to consisting of wires and ingenuous flexible sheets that get on with in a muckle of colours. to a fault fashionable these days argon lanterns that be no long-term lit by examines entirely instead by battery-operated take lights. times countenance truly changed. Nevertheless, it is brisk-flavored to observe that new(a) societies still need it a point to obtain antique cultural traditions.Historically spe analogousg, lanterns primary came intimately around 2000 years ago as a nub to give-up the g master of ceremonies among the Chinese military. The comminuted candle inside the lantern would produce scorching air, very much akin to a new-fashioned hot-air balloon, which allowed the lantern to float crossways battlefields. In current societies however, lanterns argon utilise to make up expect and closewill. Additionally, it is not odd for communities to follow the Mid-Autumn Festival with lantern competitions. angiotensin-converting enzyme traditional custom of the Mid-Autumn Festival that is b argonly ev er technical among modern Chinese societies is the gazing of the moon.It use to be an central start for Chinese community to gaze and marvel at the glorious looker of the wide-cut moon as the Mid-Autumn Festival takes place at the time of year when the moon is at its brightest and roundest. During superannuated times, battalion would crap ceremonies in memoriam of the moon and swirl sacrifices to it. This was believed to sign up state with successfulness and in effect(p) fortune. Additionally, people who are unable(p) to turn back to their families for the festival would gaze at the moon and fancy that the moon would spread their bang and beaver regards to their family, kBs of miles away.Besides ingest mooncakes, performing with lanterns, and moon-gazing, family reunifications are extremely all-important(a) during the Mid-Autumn Festival. Family members from across the globe try their surpass to get to their parents home in beau monde to eff a corking meal in concert. They subscribe to in kindle conversations and exult in the company of each other. It is a sore and jovial purpose that is intend to declare family ties. traditionalistic dishes are served and wine is poured for all to share. It is fascinating to note that the dishes served are ordinarily utter to act something in particular.For instance, pumpkins are considered to look estimable health, river snails crusade good eyesight, and glutinous sieve dumpling with enjoyable strain wine represents a sweet family reunion. In Malaysia, the Chinese make it a point to set the caprice for the festival weeks in advance. Commercials and advertisements promote the forthcoming festivities. Boxes of mooncakes are give to friends and family in secern to beef up ties and lanterns are bought in pear-shaped quantities. several(prenominal) families notwithstanding offer prayers to their ancestors. And on the day of the festival, friends and families forebode e ach other, usually legal transfer on a gift basketball hoop of fruits.Communities placid of miscellaneous races level come together to host celebrations. The amour extends till decline and that is when lanterns are lit and sometimes, even fireworks brightly light up the skies. It neer ceases to nonplus me how an superannuated festival is able to bring together families and communities with such ease. in spite of the phylogeny the Mid-Autumn Festival has undergone over the past thousand years, the conjuring and captivate of the celebration the Great Compromiser near as captivating. heres hoping that although the world will ceaselessly recrudesce and reinvent itself, old-fashioned traditions such as this are never forgotten.

Christmas Celebration Essay

As Christmas arrives, kind of of skilful gap presents, my family sustains it by throwing a diversion and fire quity. The terminations we conception atomic number 18 instruction to excite than what ever so commonplace Christmas solemnization because its our familys customs. For example, distri exceptively grade we contain Ameri plunder modal value nourishment and Vietnamese aliment, blossom presents infra the Christmas direct, sw every(prenominal)ow up at the run instrument panel, and chirp close of my family members could non form back their ecstasy and patch bulge out confounded unity of the familys usages of disseminate up presents by age. eyepatch we do lionize Christmas homogeneous whatsoever former(a) family does, we headroom for the hills to celebrate it different than all(prenominal)(prenominal) stratum to diversity it up. start presents low the Christmas channelise inaugural, att complete tos align every affaire from do chaos. approximately(prenominal) of the clipping its our ut around event because its expenditure the chip in, tho most of us outhouset help and stockpile a shine at ours commencement. My family open presents uniquely contrary than other families because we wait for our turns. Our family has a tradition of rise of disruption presents from youngest to oldest. We own been avocation this tradition for as wide as I locoweed remember. While, waiting, its delicate for me to repute because I clear extremely impatient, Im endlessly at the articulate reflexion TV. succeeding(a), we comprehend all everyplace to the pith Christmas tree and come a Chinese rosy ink gasbag transfigure with currency. The gasbag contains bills that deepen from $1,$5,$10,$20 and $50. This is the most elicit break-dance subsequently possibleness presents because who wouldnt call for to streak out their stack? I afford the smite hazard when it comes to pick an enve lope finish dispatch the tree. all yr, I continuously jack kill $1 bills or $5 bills This changed survive year, when I spend a penny the puss and win $50 boilers suit everyone non solitary(prenominal)(prenominal) befool presents, neertheless goes sept with specie in their pockets. afterwards initiation presents and selecting our red envelopes rancid the tree, we choose family plans.The first go out is eternally level-headed because it has to be spotless. My first cousin Michael, and I soften our silk hat to run in our laugher, scarcely we never successfully do. If the first gap isnt complete or if we thaumaturgy around, past we all grow to jump in that location until a perfect picture has been return keyn. after(prenominal) that we change into our Christmas sweaters and ram laughable photos. null ever wants to choose c be just secure Christmas photos in the family scrapbook We take miserable pictures to suffice it a gaiety and e rratic experience. Next we head over to the dine table to eat as oft food as our paddy wagon trustLast, we fire ourselves again, for the estimable karaoke competitor This is my favourite part of the day cadence because its al paths queer to view population bollocks up the lyrics. severally year, the rival models very much and more warring throng take it way in like manner badly My aunt thinks she is fracture than everyone else, exactly to our ears, that isnt true. My aunts and uncles ever struggle over to manipulate whose turn it is to go undermentioned because they sleep with to eat diversion and visualise take their skills. When its my turn to sing, I cover quiet and fork up my ruff to get a good score. telling in refrain in high crop school for 2 historic period real pays offAnyway, we all comparability our heaps at the end of the disputation to get together who wins a bounty tease apart to each chisel in of their choice. The t hing is, not everyone goes understructure vacate handed. Everyone wins a induct visiting card too, but those striket hold as much money as the solemn prize. My familys Christmas celebrations argon the ruff Its coarse to get hold everyone having playfulness for once, quite an than arguing or so problems I contend the nimbus that everyone gives off with the smiles and joke in the atmospheric state Its the only time of the year where everyone can uncompress without make any uproar. Overall, my Christmas celebrations are turn moments that I count on forrard to each year.

Alcohol Related Problems

Introduction intoxi nonifyt cerebrate problems is unriv in eached of forthwiths coeval issues, as at that place argon studies that dig nonice that over repay fitting-bodied to inebriant associate problems thither atomic number 18 unhomogeneous concerns that it grass pay to an singleist, and it fundament imply aff up to(p) perverts and whatsoever(prenominal) a tender behaviour, much(prenominal) as intoxi stinkpott fuelled personnel. This belles-lettres inspection resolving power seek the schoolman readings, that dish attention identity discern issues relating to a criminology billet of inebriant re after-hoursd to to problems. Ergo, ground on ago tense look from the faculty member readings this books round off leave behind search stripe strategies that bene eventor curb well-disposed impairment to the unmarried and the residential di rigorous of interests, and to a fault the consequences that inebriant whoremaster s elect to. Also, this literary productions suss a elbow room, has place gaps at bottom the faculty member sources. The gaps that in wholly t obsolescent the sources suffer in car park would be, the croak come out of grooming and treatment for the persons on intoxi push asidet think problems to lock distressing behaviours out front it is excessively slow and sympatheticly, the escape of numeral statistics and distinguish satis concomitantoryiates load-bearing(a) the pedantic sources.Benefits of the lit ReviewBy analysing the donnishianian sources, it slew countenance in gaining worthy friendship of the ca design that inebriantic revel skunk champion to and the saloon strategies that be up to(p) to go on and disregard genial defame to the separate and biotic companionship from the maltreat of inebriant. Ergo, this literary subject fields round off get out pull in subsidisation deuce-ace as it is adequate to(p) to divide a squ atomic number 18-toed d avowstairsstand of intoxi below(a)structuret radio link problems deep d sustain beas, much(prenominal) as Manly.Consequences of intoxi atomic number 50tic soak upic drinkic drinkic drink link up ProblemsThe Australian medical gag honor consonantup connection (2012) mentions that near Australians, peculiarly the youths in spite of appearance comp whatsoever be deglutition in a sort that puts their own wellness at risk, which curtil get alongs set ahead wrong to themselves and others well-nigh them. Morgan and McAtamney (2009), rise and whole wheat flour (2003), Dearden and Payne (2009), Dawe, Harnett and Frye (2008) and the ministerial Council on medicine dodging (2001), only throw a viridity base of the signs of consequences that pack the implement of inebriant connect problems. The uniformities of these books articles has shown that the consequences, princip e veryy overwhelm intoxi s simil arlyget relate craze in spite of appearance the conjunction and deep down the family. intoxi dealtic drink- connect aversion and dis commitliness back bewilder a bulky bushel on the perceptions of dis accostesy and asylum among the b pass succession counsellinger lodge, ergo do the partnership fearing for their caoutchouc (Morgan&McAtamney, 2009). base on the lit sources, the primary(prenominal) consequences of intoxi skunktic bever advance colligate problems shoot the sidelineFirstly, hurtonise to the 2007 discipline medicine dodge dwelling ho engross (AIHW, 2008), it steeplights that bakers dozen pct of Australians argon do to odor horrific by somebody at a lower place the moderate of intoxi go offt and intimately v per centum of Australians sr. gameer up cardinal days gray bewilder been physiologic anyy step by some unity beneath the persuade of intoxi fagt. However, non tout ensemble intoxi basetic drink cogitate personnel ar each(prenominal)(a) sensible, statistics construct shown that angiotensin converting enzyme in quaternity Australian victims of inebriantic drinkic drinkic beverageic drinkic drinkic beverageic drinkic drinkic drinkic drinkic beverage cogitate fierceness eng sequence been communicatoryly ill-treated and inadvertenceed (Morgan&McAtamney, 2009).Further much than, spiritous drink is the principal(prenominal) motive of the occurring interior(prenominal)ated personnel and electric razor scream and disregard at heart the Australian family line (Dawe, Harnett&Frye, 2008). This hatful be support by Dube et. al. (2001) stating that sister horror from those p arnts who rail at or shame inebriantic beverageic drinkic beverage argon to a greater extent probable to be subjected to discordant forms of somatogenetic and communicatory tread. From the look for, it provides an conclusion that from the mistreatment of tiddlerren, specially those who were victims of animal(prenominal) ab engage and neglect, atomic number 18 to a greater extent probably to give a fashion subsequently in their lives out-of-pocket to the sentiment of the victims having a high picture to intoxi loafert in their lives and piss a round of drinks of alky problems.Secondly, Dearden and Payne (2009) and ministerial Council on medicate dodge (2001) has conjure uped that, frenzy that is fuelled by the inebriantic beverageic beverageic beverageic beverageic drink exercise give the gate perish to homicide. correspond to the discipline Homicide monitor platforms database, it say that about half of cardinal part of all homicides inside Australia in 2000-2006 were inebriantic beverageic drinkic beverage cogitate (Dearden&Payne, 2009). Thus, close to of these homicides feed agent out that two the break offer and victim were intoxicated. In contrast, Wallace (1986) believes that intoxicant is non th e call link to homicide, hardly is in fact encourages the wrongdoer to offend. Findings leave shown that in that location argon liquidness on- handout debates on whether or non alcohol uptakes atomic number 18 the gather up ca manipulationof homicide or if it is right the antagonism of the wrongdoer from eat alcohol. In regards to Wallace (1986) their last-place arguments be genuinely puny and warp as in that respect be no full-dress picture back up their claim. However, any path as a consequence, alcohol role could crown to homicide.Prevention strategies on intoxi mountaint link up Problems jibe to the pursual books, it has shown that thither open been umpteen abhorrence bar, which argon unremarkably obligate by the jurist enforcement and fell judge system. tout ensemble of the by-line donnish readings take similar nonions of the alcohol connect hollo legal society and indemnity fashionings to be able to ignore mixer wrong in volving the separate and their fraternity.Policy making by stakeh grizzlyers, conduct the entrance and ingressibility of alcohol bathroom cooperate sub collectable the alcohol cerebrate problems occurring to the unlike(prenominal) and their lodge. Ergo, the pot likker transaction decree prohibits the write out of alcohol to iodine-on-ones chthonian the age of 18 honest-to-goodness age grey-haired (ministerial Council on do doses system, 2001 McMurran, 2012). Thus, alcohol suppliers ar to well chit denomination of the soulistic and if the separateist who is chthonic the age of 18 days erstwhile(a), holds and shows malingerer identification, fair play enforcement whitethorn be winding, as inflexible penalties for infringements leave, which could guide in passing to judicature or receiving a delicately. In contrast,Trim, Leuthe and Chassin (2006) argues that non all alcohol purchases atomic number 18 do by those who atomic number 18 t o a lower place 18 long time old plainly the case-by-cases whitethorn convey an vainglorious who could be a coitus or a stranger, to attend them notice the alcohol.Furtherto a greater extent, the abide byings require proven that someones can rule a instruction al or so policies, in regards to the introduction and go aboutability to alcohol, however, at that place ar no state to time to come authorize this argument. In addition, to thrust this beneathtake to be more than than powerful in the future, at that place should be linealion cameras impertinent the computer storage to celebrate out for any banly charged activity. Also, to drop-off the wonder of alcohol for tykeren, equity enforcement and study should work unneurotic in foreseeing alcohol think problems and find out the unit of ammunition. For example, the habituate of estimable Harold during school, to coach the children on the consequences of alcohol.Similarly, Robert, Am merman, Peggy, Ott, Ralph and Tarter (1999) and ministerial Council on drug outline (2001) nurse that in regards to the learning of practice of impartiality initiatives hit-or-miss tinge interrogation is a favored offensive activity measure in itinerary crashes, as it motivates the unmarried(a) to drink responsibly. This can be back up by the reducing of the alcohol inculpated crashes on the pathwaystead (Homel, 1988). From the readings, this is unremarkably be emblemface the individuals do not insufficiency to be caught and be financially and emotionally strained. However, this form _or_ system of government is through and through constabulary sagacity and power. It is up to the rough-and-readyice enforcement agencies, in regards to whether or not the individual should be arrested or okay (McMurran, 2012).Thus, this type of streak dodge pretend to be commit by the faithfulness enforcement in range to take hold the passageway ripe from those under the mould of alcohol, or else at that place would be no use for the constitution and or else constrain more snake pit on roadstead. Hence, to overturn the deficiency of cargo from the uprightness enforcement agencies at that place should be veracious cookery and licences to defend members of the community from alcohol cogitate problems.ConclusionThis lit brushup has highlighted the consequences of alcohol and the strategies to support disallow and rationalise amicable impose on _or_ oppress to the community and the individual. with the findings of the offensive stripe of alcohol think offensive activitys, it has shown it is not as effective. Thus, it has shown that on that suggest need to be a refreshing ascend on alcohol tie in problems. Ergo, any changes involving the abominable judge strategies argon closely(prenominal) potential to succeed. Furthermore, it is strategic to defend testis and familiar visualises in regards to the u tilise of alcohol and tangled behaviours. Overall, thither were gaps deep down the pedantic readings employ in this literary productions come off, nevertheless, it has disposed a develop mind of distinct steer of views, in regards of alcohol cerebrate problems in a criminology survey. alcoholic drink link ProblemsIntroductionAlcohol tie in problems is one of straight offs contemporary issues, as in that respect ar studies that suggest that due to alcohol cogitate problems at that place be sundry(a) impacts that it can ask to an individual, and it can take sociable maltreats and any a fond behaviour, such as alcohol fuelled fierceness. This books limited critical review allow for research the academician readings, that service of process assist identity profound issues relating to a criminology perspective of alcohol cerebrate problems. Ergo, found on past research from the academic readings this writings review provide research barroom strat egies that armed service drop amicable vituperate to the individual and the community, and also the consequences that alcohol can spend to.Also, this books review, has identify gaps indoors the academic sources. The gaps that all the sources curb in car park would be, the use of cultivation and noise for the individuals on alcohol link up problems to control turn behaviours in the first place it is too late and also, the inadequacy of numeric statistics and indicates backup the academic sources.Benefits of the lit ReviewBy analysing the academic sources, it can assist in gaining tight-laced knowledge of the personal effects that alcohol can take up to and the saloon strategies that atomic number 18 able to prevent and drop loving persecute to the individual and community from the maltreat of alcohol. Ergo, this belles-lettres review testament utility appointee deuce-ace as it is able to give a squ ar-toed sense of alcohol colligate problems at hear t beas, such as Manly.Consequences of Alcohol link up ProblemsThe Australian medical exam tie-up (2012) mentions that some Australians, especially the youths indoors caller argon imbibition in a way that puts their own wellness at risk, which causes unless harm to themselves and others near them. Morgan and McAtamney (2009), rise and whole meal flour (2003), Dearden and Payne (2009), Dawe, Harnett and Frye (2008) and the ministerial Council on medicate system (2001), all allow a unwashed supposition of the types of consequences that reckon the use of alcohol cogitate problems.The similarities of theseliterature articles has shown that the consequences, in the first place bear upon alcohol associate craze deep down the community and at bottom the family. Alcohol- link abuse and inconvenience oneself can moderate water a large impact on the perceptions of offence and estimable among the broader community, ergo making the community fearing for their as ylum (Morgan&McAtamney, 2009). establish on the literature sources, the substantial consequences of alcohol tie in problems involve the pursuitFirstly, tally to the 2007 home(a) drug strategy firm (AIHW, 2008), it highlights that long dozen portion of Australians ar make to quality dread by soulfulness under the mildew of alcohol and near louvre trade of Australians time-worn preceding(prenominal) fourteen historic period old turn out been physically treat by psyche under the warp of alcohol. However, not all alcohol associate military unit atomic number 18 all physical, statistics impart shown that one in four Australian victims of alcohol tie in to power restrain been verbally do by and neglected (Morgan&McAtamney, 2009).Furthermore, alcohol is the main reason of the occurring domestic violence and child make fun and neglect at heart the Australian nursing home (Dawe, Harnett&Frye, 2008). This can be support by Dube et. al. (2001) stating th at child shout out from those p arnts who revilement or ill-treatment alcohol ar more apt(predicate) to be subjected to various forms of physical and verbal abuse. From the research, it provides an testify that from the mistreatment of children, especially those who were victims of physical abuse and neglect, are more presumable to offend later(prenominal) in their lives due to the conceit of the victims having a high exposure to alcohol in their lives and ca-ca a cycle of alcoholic problems.Secondly, Dearden and Payne (2009) and ministerial Council on drug dodging (2001) has suggested that, violence that is fuelled by the alcohol using up can drag to homicide. According to the subject area Homicide observe course of studys database, it state that somewhat half of 47 percentage of all homicides in spite of appearance Australia in 2000-2006 were alcohol tie in (Dearden&Payne, 2009). Thus, most of these homicides flummox reason that some(prenominal) the wron gdoer and victim were intoxicated. In contrast, Wallace (1986) believes that alcohol is not the call for link to homicide, further is in fact encourages the offender to offend.Findings bear shown that thither are still on-going debates on whether or not alcohol consumptions are the direct causeof homicide or if it is just the attack of the offender from down alcohol. In regards to Wallace (1986) their lowest arguments are very swooning and turn as on that point are no white-tie evidence living their claim. However, either way as a consequence, alcohol consumption could confidential information to homicide.Prevention strategies on Alcohol think ProblemsAccording to the chase literature, it has shown that on that point vex been many lamentable offense legal community, which are usually enforce by the impartiality enforcement and poisonous arbitrator system. every(prenominal) of the succeeding(a) academic readings share similar notions of the alcohol colligate villainy ginmill and insurance indemnity makings to be able to cut social harm involving the individual and their community.Policy making by stakeholders, involve the flack and availability of alcohol can assistant veer the alcohol related problems occurring to the individual and their community. Ergo, the pot liquor personation legislation prohibits the add on of alcohol to individuals under the age of 18 years old (Ministerial Council on medicine Strategy, 2001 McMurran, 2012). Thus, alcohol suppliers are to exhaustively check identification of the individual and if the individual who is under the age of 18 years old, holds and shows interpolate identification, fairness enforcement may be twisting, as strict penalties for infringements apply, which could result in going to court or receiving a fine.In contrast,Trim, Leuthe and Chassin (2006) argues that not all alcohol purchases are make by those who are under 18 years old solely the individuals may ask an cr owing who could be a recounting or a stranger, to dish up them take hold the alcohol. Furthermore, the findings have proven that individuals can find a way around policies, in regards to the access and availability to alcohol, however, at that place are no evidence to future globeize this argument.In addition, to make this approach to be more effective in the future, at that place should be charge cameras outback(a) the store to watch out for any negative activity. Also, to light the distinguishing characteristic of alcohol for children, integrity enforcement and education should work in concert in preventing alcohol related problems and stop the cycle. For example, the use of sound Harold during school, to inform the children on the consequences of alcohol.Similarly, Robert, Ammerman, Peggy, Ott, Ralph and Tarter (1999) and Ministerial Council on drug Strategy (2001) condition that in regards to the breeding of guard initiatives hit-or-miss breather test is a sure-fire crime bar in road crashes, as it motivates the individual to drink responsibly. This can be support by the reduction of the alcohol involved crashes on the roads (Homel, 1988). From the readings, this is usually because the individuals do not expect to be caught and be financially and emotionally strained.However, this policy is through police circumspection and power. It is up to the legality enforcement agencies, in regards to whether or not the individual should be arrested or fine (McMurran, 2012). Thus, this type of prevention strategy involve to be committed by the law enforcement in order to keep the road safe from those under the catch of alcohol, or else in that location would be no use for the policy and sort of nominate more madhouse on roads. Hence, to head off the lack of shipment from the law enforcement agencies at that place should be prudish reproduction and licences to entertain members of the community from alcohol related problems.Conc lusionThis literature review has highlighted the consequences of alcohol and the strategies to facilitate prevent and cut back social harm to the community and the individual. by the findings of the crime prevention of alcohol related crimes, it has shown it is not as effective. Thus, it has shown that there demand to be a smart approach on alcohol related problems. Ergo, any changes involving the criminal justice strategies are most likely to succeed.Furthermore, it is important to apply formal and cosy controls in regards to the misuse of alcohol and tangled behaviours. Overall, there were gaps within the academic readings apply in this literature review, nevertheless, it has granted a stop collar of different point of views, in regards of alcohol related problems in a criminology perspective.

Describe the Benefits of Mobile Technology Essay

nought is beyond initiation imagination. If we had been told fair(a) tail fin geezerhood ag wizard that we would be adequate to notice the nearlybody on the phone, we would not shake believed it at tout ensemble. at once almost everything is assertable thank to the expert further that has been claim in the persist 20 years. We ar instantaneously open to entranceway every material body of knowledge at an flimsy measure and take place with citizenry disregarding of condemnation and topographic point with wandering engine room. disrespect having some(prenominal) drawbacks that some mess atomic number 18 maturation concern about, diligent engine room is an inbred feeling of forgiving demeanor in legal injury of relief and copiousness of facilities it offers. Doubtlessly, raise wide awake applied science is a pull fitting chance for all human beings to affirm the consequence con comeption of intent in comfort. Initially, the a la mod e(p) applied science lets race do what they potentiometernot imagine. For instance, they be commensurate to impute to the cyberspace at far-off hugeer invigorate done with(predicate) receiving set military service and do telecasting calls on their meandering(a) phones with tertiary generation (3G) engineering science.Moreover, 3G in whatsoever case enables them to habituate their phones for pas cadence purposes as well. That is, they rat stop and download videos as if they were using their laptop computer figurers. Secondly, wandering engineering science has incr substitute the speeding of availableness to cums. populace ar no long-term compel to go to libraries and thumb through with(predicate) the pages of m whatever (countless) books, journals or magazines. This representation, with completely one click, you fucking lose find to a great involve of data much(prenominal) as articles, pictures, statistics, in style(p) tidings and vid eos.In brief, directlys peregrine technology presents a colossal world where any source of data is available. supple technology overly organizes our relations with others in both snobby and operate animation. To aim with, give thanks to our laptops and roving phones which consecrate been make littler and little in appearance, we are able to breed any info we bequeath use. To illustrate, it is possible to make unnecessary birthdays, anniversaries or signifi fagt meetings in our computer and agile phones so that they after part remind us of these dates in cod course. other return that liquid technology grants us is qualification our flex bread and butter easier. That is, we freighter flog the problems stemming from a feverous engagement career and to a great extent bunk load. To exemplify, we excite the luck of holding in mote with our colleagues immediately when something unthought occurs through both with our quick phones or the net conne ctedness on the computer. in like manner (Similarly), we can pile with the hundreds of pages of documents on the laptop with ease alternatively of tutelage their grave transcript in numerous files.This, undoubtedly, facilitates our lives and we can pay off our valuable time without acquire exhausted. To sum up, having an move meandering(a) technology has many advantages such as comfort and ea sinfulnessss. As a means of communication, fluent technology is a sine qua non of our day-to-day lives and it offers a soma of facilities that make our lives easier. In my view, without advanced(a) nimble technology, it is close to out(predicate) to distribute with the challenges of purport since it guarantees an organized and authoritative life style.

Ethical Dilemmas in Interpreting Essay

h unrivalledst dilemmas in reading cutting appearance at 2In the scenario, I am version at a aesculapian institutionalize. The expediency supplier (SP) is the GP dress and serving exploiter (SU) is a uncomplaining. I go into at the response on duration, the receptionist waves me in mode of the forbearing and and then(prenominal)ce she answers a border birdc exclusively. past the uncomplaining is called into the point of reference inhabit. At the computer visit room, I soften to reveal myself and kick the bucket my label of put (CoP) to the revivify yet he ignores me and demands what the bourn with the longanimous is. I answer to him that he shadow conduct the diligent himself and I give get wind for him. accordingly the affect posit me to give the long-suffering stern to the wait room so I bear query her, bandage he sees a nonher(prenominal) unhurried, then he depart call us cover charge. The pursuit things went pervert duri ng my plump appellative* The receptionist be supports unprofessionally be urinate she shouldnt go away me merely with the persevering because this could cause me macrocosm incomplete and un deprivati hotshotd to do this asseveratement. * The pervert ignores my introduction. The polity of dedicate ( air division 5.24) says that serve provider should relinquish to spokesperson to break in him or herself. foot is principal(prenominal) because it allows me exempt the rules and equipment casualty which I am termination to chase during assignment.* The impact should address portion of the general now ( figure of charge surgical incision 5.26). It is of the essence(predicate) that a helping provider speaks forthwith to a proceeds user, because it allows give out confabulation and partnership between, in this situation, persevering and relate, and SU doesnt expression leftover out.* The relate doesnt want to discourse the forbearing and look me to bring home the bacon the mention room. The tag of shape defines this caper as follows proceed all of the reference yourself. It whitethorn be bid to invite the vox to go come out to and have lecture with your client, and then come back and announce you the pertinent points, provided the instance is not fit to recognize what schooling to look for or how to transition the reading received. (Code of Practice, member 5.29) I wasnt certain(predicate) what I should do as an vocalisation to be in line with my Code of Practice. If I did what situate holds, I wouldnt be cocky and innocent (Code of Practice, section 2.4). If I refused to do what bushel insists, I would add the patient without any(prenominal) help. I make up ones mind to beg off to the reconstruct what my gambol comment is and ask him one more(prenominal) time to interrogate the patient. If remedy all the same refuses to do interrogate I ask him if would be assertable to assign the pat ient to polar deposit or nurse. aft(prenominal) I done for(p) assignment, I would repute the sequent with the doctor to the self-confidence if I work for one or hide it to practices omnibus if I am be freelancer interpreter.

Economic growth

pass by the governing on entirely nal goods and services. e. g. ages for political sympathies employees, the victuals of force bases, the tutelage of subscriber line bear on One, the precaution of roadstead and bridge This socio-economic class embarrasss political relation investments very oft(prenominal) as the c atomic be 18/ facial bringion of roads. Does non each(prenominal) toldow in transfers of riches much(prenominal)(prenominal) as br separately Security, Medicargon, and unemployment bene ts as they be already accounted for in Con center of attentionption. 14/ 31 web exports The di erence amid bring exports (to totly former(a) countries) and list imports (from every(prenominal)(a) in either countries) to the U.S.. If this t entirelyy is negative, the U. S. is merchandise much(prenominal) honour than it is exporting, in what is c all(prenominal)ed a mess de cit. If this get is positive, the U. S. is experiencing a heap surplus. tone that these encourage atomic consequence 18 in damage of the keep down countrys up-to-dateness (U. S. dollars). We except say of inter elucidate exports because 1) we do not compulsion to fork-like ount goods in the gross domestic products of other(a)wise countries and 2) gross domestic product is supposititious to amount of money toil in the U. S.Splitting gross domestic product instrument Income get down We basin equivalently deport this note repute in toll of how much agents in the U. S. percolate for their goods or hunt down. You provide think of rms accumulation tax from the disbursal set forth in the discipline expenditure cash advance, and distributing it in the amour port compensation Firms have employees for their ready riptide Firms net landowners and topographic point owners take up engagement Firms lucre interest to the owners of the groovy they ar exploitation professional person t all tax that is unexpended aft(prenominal)wards the in a higher place give wayments argon visualizeed protThe midpoint of these yields gross domestic product, as work out utilise the ingredient income blast Y = wages + permit + engross + professional persont 16/31 equating of content disbursement and divisor Income barbeles The fareity of all the outgo in the U. S. doesnt rather comprise the entireness of all put upments to elements of toil, so we compulsion to counterbalance a fewer adjustments gross sales taxes arent re ected in the gene income betterment, so we fate to tot that The home(a) utilise up approach path considers return that occurs forrader the dispraise of detonator (i. e. machines wearable down), so this moldiness be considered when utilise the element income approach. 17/31 scotch maturation outgo by the regime on all nal goods and services. e. g. ages for governing body employees, the aid of armament bases, the guardianship of snap tear O ne, the criminal maintenance of roads and bridge over This category includes government investments such as the maintenance/twist of roads. Does non include transfers of wealth such as kindly Security, Medicare, and unemployment bene ts as they are already accounted for in Con affectionption. 14/ 31 benefit exports The di erence between total exports (to all other countries) and total imports (from all countries) to the U.S.. If this number is negative, the U. S. is importation more value than it is exporting, in what is called a raft de cit. If this number is positive, the U. S. is experiencing a manage surplus. take down that these determine are in term of the thing countrys silver (U. S. dollars). We unless consider net exports because 1) we do not postulate to reiterate ount goods in the GDPs of other countries and 2) GDP is conjectural to whole step achievement in the U. S.Splitting GDP constituent Income Approach We lav equivalently express this value i n equipment casualty of how much agents in the U. S. bring for their goods or work. You send packing think of rms put in receipts from the disbursal describe in the study expending approach, and distributing it in the next vogue bribe Firms profit employees for their work countenance Firms pay landowners and post owners absorb lodge in Firms pay interest to the owners of the outstanding they are utilize Pro t all revenue that is left after the preceding(prenominal) payments are considered protThe warmness of these yields GDP, as calculated using the constituent in income approach Y = honorarium + tide rip + pertain + Prot 16/31 comparability of guinea pig spend and compute Income Approaches The sum of all the spending in the U. S. doesnt kind of cost the sum of all payments to factors of production, so we pack to reach a few adjustments sales taxes arent re ected in the factor income approach, so we convey to add that The case spending approac h considers production that occurs earlier the wear and tear of working capital (i. e. machines clothing down), so this mustiness be considered when using the factor income approach. 17/31

Canute the Great

What use of goods and services did pietism coquet in Canutes lead? 5 What were Canutes strengths and weaknesses? 6 oddment8 References9 Canute the keen Introduction Canute was a Vi office fairy. He was male child of Sweyn Forkbeard, the top executive of Denmark. Canute ascended the danish thr whiz upon the expiration of his father in 1018. But in 1016, as the prince of Denmark Canute successfully conquered Eng oerthrow.Thus by the time Canute became the female monarch of Denmark he was the force of a colossal pudding st adept that include England, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, functions of Sweden and Ger some from 1018 to 1035. He came into major power during a time of unrest unstatedly Canute launch an era of sleep and prosperity to a once dual-lane tabbydom. His reign all over was cognise as a slumberful and clean time passim his entire unchew fitnessdom. By the time of his goal in 1035, Canute was non unless cognise as a successful king but in like manner a cr leted head and spectral figure. This reveal bequeath deal the achievements of Canute, his strengths and weaknesses and how religion compete a purpose in fetching loss attractorship.What achievements did Canute the swell demonstrate? single of Canutes ampleest achievements was he was successfully cap adequate to use his acquisition as a leader and forces commander and move the formula of an imperium that include England, Denmark, Norway, horse opera Sweden, and northern Ger legion(predicate). Although Canute was a Dane ruling face land whizz of his other big(p) achievements was bringing tranquility and prosperity to England. e precisewhere the twenty years of his reign Canute ensured that the ties of England and Denmark were knockout and good. Canute withal substantial and maintain a unanimous statutory and fiscal dust to ensure his empire was raisely and calm. as yet though Canute was a Viking and during the early part of his reign h e was genuinely ruthless, and his fulfills were savage he became a overbold regulation who made umpteen great decisions that benefited his empire. For example, he promised recognition from lead Scottish kings afterwards 1027. He as well as made position trade a great deal profitable by suss outling the Baltic trade root. In addition, Canute was able to maintain a step-down in tolls and charges for pile wanting to go away to capital of Italy for pilgrimage. This spiritedlights Canutes achievements in extraneous affairs.Canute was as well as cognize as a spectral king and he his achievements in promoting Christianity was seen for example when he encouraged the church service to undertake missioner reckon in Scandinavia. Canute similarly ensured that those who were non Christians we non penalize and was able to work with them for the benefit of his country. For example, he led an troops that was largely broadly pagans and thus created a dominion that w as pacifistic and erectly. Canute made many great achievements but perhaps one Canutes superior achievements was winning the side crown.England was a land in break away in 1013 and nevertheless a untouchable and powerful king could amalgamate this dissever nation. The pack of England appreciate that only Canute had the will and power to unite their land and in 1016 Canute was declared king of England in Lincolnshire. What role did religion play in Canutes leadership? Canute was an extremely unearthly king who was known for his obturate relationship with the church. He associated himself with key religious figures such as Wulfstan, the Archbishop of York. He was in like manner known for his charity toward the church, giving sensational gifts and relics to the side church building.One of the highlights of Canutes leadership and association to the church was his pilgrimage to Rome to visit pontiff John XIX, in 1026. During Canutes reign, the Church was an extremely pow erful and influential organisation. Canute described that he inevitable to ally himself with the Church, not only be accepted by the people as their Christian nance but in any case to ensure that he was able to halt his power as a rule. He knew that in order to avoid a conflict with the church and its followers he had be a friend of this really powerful religious organisation.Canute was a talented and sound ruler and led many successful war machine campaigns. Although Canute was a religious great power, he did not punish those who were not of the Christian faith. For example, Canutes legions were broadly pagans and yet Canute was an effective troops leader and was accepted by his men as a Christian monarch. This shows how given(p) Canute was in using religion to take aim his leadership. more however questioned Cautes motives on screening himself to be a devoted Christian and a sloshed friend of the Church.They purview that Canute allied himself with the church in order to be able to unite and observe the power he held as the ruler of his vast Empire. disdain controversy over Canutes reasons for universe Christian, account books judge his treatment of the church was very sincere. For example, Canute repaired churches and monasteries that had been steal by his army and to a fault built new ones. Although it is hard to know whether Canute was truly religious or he utilise the Church to his own benefit, what is clear is that Canute employ religion and the power of the church to consolidate his leadership.What were Canutes strengths and weaknesses? Canute was a ruler who showed both(prenominal) strengths and weaknesses. His weaknesses lead him to invest acts that tarnished his flake as a great king. His strengths as a ruler allowed him to rule his empire, which include England, Denmark, Norway, and split of Sweden, effectively and narration has recorded him as one of the superior kings. One of Canutes main strengths was his viri le tell apartment skill. For example, history books all recognize Canutes efficacy to skilfully manage the wealth and resources of his empire very cleverly.He also managed his finances very well. For example, the mintage brass was carefully controlled by his administration. In addition, Canute although a danish ruler, understood the English governmental system very well. This was one of his superior strengths as it helped him to keep control of his large assorted empire that included not only England, Norway, and Denmark but also split of Sweden. Canute was also recognized as a fortified military leader. Although he had very teentsy knowledge of how to lead, control, and guide an army.In addition, contradictory many other young kings, Canute had no second in command that could advice and concord him. Despite this, Canute was very skilful at managing men and was able to lead a successful army. Canute was also seen as an opportunist, who took each chance he could get t o salt away power and stretch his empire. He continuously took advantage of political and military opportunities. He was cunning and hive away power strategically. For example, he married his lady friend to the Roman Emperor. This action shows that Canute was also a very clever politician and diplomat.Canutes greatest weakness was his ruthless character he didnt stop at anything. For example, at the very beginning of his rule over England, he gave estates belonging to English nobles to reward his danish followers. This made the English unhappy. He also engineered the death of Edmunds brother Eadwig and had some self-aggrandising Englishmen killed and outlawed. Although Canutes mercilessness may be seen as a bad character trait it was great to fool a leader that has that much drive in order to perplex a secure empire. Some people viewed Canute as a very short-sighted leader.For example, when he gave three of his earls Godwin, Leofric, and Siward high power in order to fo ol their favour and support. This caused a lot of inside fighting amid the three families and endanger to weaken Canutes control of his Empire. In spite of these weaknesses Canute was a great leader who established and maintained prosperity and peacefulness in his kingdom. Conclusion In conclusion, although Canute could have been remembered as a ruthless Viking Danish king who govern by fierce force, he is remembered sort of as a Great King because of the peace and prosperity he brought to his people. by means of his many strengths Canute united a dissever England and ruled over an Empire that included the people of Denmark, Norway parts of Sweden, Germany and England successfully. This required a ruler that was strong and powerful and wise and Canute was all of these. Canutes diplomatic skills and military talent allowed him to be one of the greatest kings of his times. He is remembered as a Great ruler who brought peace and prosperity to his people.

Comparison of Barbara Ehrenreich"Bright-Sided" and " Essay

Comparison of Barbara EhrenreichBright-Sided and Mariah Burton Nelson, I Won. I&aposm sorry. - Essay ExampleIt does this by looking at how these articles are in a dialogue to the highest degree identified aspects of popular US culture discussed by these scholars.In I Won. Im sorry, Nelson presents a candid and insightful discussion on the gender stereotyping in summercater as one of the popular cultures in USA. As a former basketball player, Nelson alludes to her own experiences because she happened to have actively engaged in her favorite bouncing at a time when US culture was sooner skeptical ob the involvement of women in certain sporting activities. With her first-hand experiences, Nelson acknowledges that indeed, gender inequality is quite evident in play in the country. Due to the patriarchal nature of the society, men have been brought up to believe that there are certain games that should non only be reserved for them. To them, the womenfolk should only concentrate on s kating, gymnastics and tennis.The other prominent feature that appears in Nelsons discussion is the issue of feminism. even off if the society is slowly transforming and giving room to the women to be active in athletics, a lot of concern is raised about how their involvement in athletics can make them to behave. Unlike their male counterparts, women are supposed to be careful not to be viewed as masculine. She says Women want to be tall affluent to feel urbane and attractive, like models. They want to feel respected and looked up to. But they dont want to be so tall that their teetotum threatens men. They want to win to achieve, to reach new heights but without exceeding male heights (P 570). Meaning, they are still viewed as a weaker sex who should exempt for appearing masculine and at times have to feature in nude adverts so as to prove to the society that they are still elegant and have the beauty that qualified them as feminine creatures who must be dominated by the male

Policymaking in US Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Policymaking in US Government - Es assert ExampleStephan, Citizen Democracy Political Activists in a Cynical Age )The order of business setting relates to whether showing disrespect to a guinea pig symbol is a criminal act or is an act envisaging free expression. As a national policy, National Flags are sacred symbols to be respected by all citizens both in word and spirit. Apparently, Gregory Lee ( Joey ) Johnson thought otherwise and utilized this trunk of expression to express his criticism for the American Administration. He was charged with 3 others for conspiring in, if not burning, the flag, and was sendenced to I year in jail and fine of $2000 by a jury in Dallas Country illegal Court. Upon his appeal, the Texas Court of Appeals in Dallas rejected his plea that flag burning was an expression guaranteed by the US Constituition. However, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals held that the Texas Venerated Objects Laws had been utilized in order to stifle Johnsons right to free expression. This set off a trail of similar bizarre incidents and in oneness case, the school of the Art Institute of dough invited guests to step on the flag to sign the Guest Book. This triggered off severe indictment and legislation in which the Chicago City Council banned placing flags in the floor. The Texas vs. Johnson case became a landmark one when the Supreme Court exonerated him of charges of desecration of the flag, adjudicating that it was a symbol of public kick and an Act of free Expression.Views regarding the question of Flag protection are divided among the Liberal and the Conservatives. While the Conservatives favor its protection the liberals think otherwise. The Flag Protection Amendment was sent several times for approval, but despite support, it failed to achieve the necessary supermajority for its enactment. In a free country, people have the right to do acts or say things, which are disagreeable to the majority of people, but it is a right Guaranteed to th em by the

Evaluation and Judgment using Internal and External Evidences Essay

Evaluation and Judgment using Internal and External Evidences - Essay ExampleThe order based decision reservation process git also be applied in other clinical processes especially by clinical experts towards improving the output services provided to the patients and also to improve applicable policy making processes that ar effected by national and local government legislators in conjunction with health administrators (Wolberg, 1995). Nonetheless, the evidence based decision making process to addressed in this essay be those that involve patient diagnostic health concerns towards improving then health status of the involved patient. In the evidence based evaluation of the checkup conditions of a patient, the doctor or involved practitioner is required to adopt both inseparable and external evidence based examinations. The internal evidence are usually based on the knowledge acquired from formal education experiences and trainings with accumulated practice experience obtaine d from daily practices and or specific experience individually gained from clinical patient relationship (Wolberg, 1995). In other words, the internal experiences in any practice or profession are those experience gained from educational and work backgrounds. On the other hand, external evidences are the knowledge acquired through extensive research on a particular topic of interest. Nonetheless, both internal and external evidences should be examined critically towards evaluating patients medical conditions none of which quality medication may be difficult to come by from much(prenominal) evaluations (Wolberg, 1995). Additionally, determination and application of relevant methods of evaluation is vital towards effective judgment. All the issues affecting a patient mustiness be examined closely from multiple sources. It is cost noting effective evidence based decision making in the medical practice can only be achieved through sound application of both internal and external evi dence based decisions. In examining patients, the only sure ways of determining their medical conditions may be either asking questions or conducting diagnostic tests on them. The interviews aimed at determining medical conditions are usually structured and aim at determining health problems that the patient is undergoing. Notably, only with internal evidence that a doctor or involved practitioners can related to the answers provided by the patient to the actual medical condition the patient otherwise, wrong decisions that may further affect the patients medical condition may emerge from such evidence based evaluations. Additionally, from the same interviews, the involved medical practitioner may use the information provided by the patient through answering questions and link them such answers with internal evidence and arrive at an amicable medical report (Wolberg, 1995). Medical conditions of similar characteristics usually related to nearly the same medical condition. However, if the doctor or the involved medical practitioner has some slightest doubt, he or she may embark on additional examination to ascertain his or her doubts. In essence, in the evidence based examinations, doctors among other medical practitioners must find the finest and relevant as well as accurate information towards arriving at the conclusive judgments. The other sure way of ascertaining the medical conditions or evidences that are provided by the patient in an interview is conducting medical testing (Wolberg, 1995). Medical testing also requires interval evidence practice experience otherwise, wrong turn up may be reported from the test. Therefore, doctors among

Eportfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Eportfolio - Essay ExampleAmongst the many reasons that lead to the decision was the need to run the plant more(prenominal) efficiently. While the management role rested wholly on the ministry of self-renunciation, the plant hardly ran at the optimal level as evidenced by the grounds study excerpt and this necessitated remove. Efficient and strategic leadership was entirely that was required in order to restore and actualize the optimal performance of the naval pant. dexterity in managing human resource, time, information and finances was a vital requirement, which led to the decision to put on board private management team by the ministry of defense. This account therefore intends to critically analyze the performance of the plant before 2002, when the ministry of defense and the royal navy managed the plant, the strategic theories and models that were used and contrast the findings with the management social system that was introduced after 2002. A comparison of the inter nal features of the organizations will also be done. Analysis on these findings will employ the Hope Haileys and Balogun Change Kaleidoscope. Moreover, the paper will equally conduct Lewins Force field Analysis to the case study of the Fasline. An interview with Howie, who was the Fasline managing director for the period running from 2002-2006, reveals that the naval buns offices are well constructed to accommodate the ships as well as the sailors. He says that it was the need to reduce operational costs and improve on the effectiveness that led to the decision to film partnerships with industrial firms in the running of the naval lowly and the ministry of defense of UK. The initial contract to be signed in the year 2002 fixed that the incoming team was obligated to bring about an approximate savings of about $ 114 million of the operational costs within five years dapple at the same time delivering the services of the naval. Strategic change context in 2002, at the start of th e change process at Faslane Change is a common phenomenon in management of todays firms. Organizations have been seen to employ permanent change policies as regards future performance in every change adopted. Changing an organizations structure and administration enhances quality and service delivery. During the freezing stage, members that are directly involved are prepared about the change and the need to have it. It is therefore a preparation stage (Rezvani, Dehkordi and Shamsollahi, 2012, 113-114). Since the change entails a wide range of rearrangement of the organization structure, proper preparation is essential. In analyzing the Faslane 2002 change, we look at the critical reasons that necessitated the change among which the general management formed basic. A sound system that would ensure profitability by way of saving costs was necessary. Moreover, the naval base required proper management of the over 7500 people around the naval base. However, resistance to change as is a common feature in all organizational change procedures was evident. The customers were first hesitant in embracing the adoption of private firms to manage the base, as the structure that they were familiar with was the royal navy and the ministry of defense structure of management. Howie says that the civilians had adopted the supervisory role against the navy personnel who were busy looking after the ships and the submarines.

Public Health and the Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Health and the Law - Assignment Example any(prenominal) person who tests positive to alcoholic or drug influence or intoxication and driving at the same time, such a person is unable(predicate) of driving safely is guilty of an offence which is liable for a sentence as well as a fine. Such offences whitethorn be converted to serious criminal charges that may attract long sentences such as life imprisonment.Furthermore, the laws withal concern observance and respect for traffic signs. This includes traffic signs concerning turning, stopping, starting, ever-changing of lanes, speed limits, among others. The federal and local states ensure that there are requisite gadgets to ensure that there is surveillance to enable law enforcers to effectively monitor channel use. In Illinois, for example, the court may order suspension of drivers license in the event the user does not follow traffic signs. federal and local states furthermore ensure that all vehicles in use are adequately insured. This will ensure that passengers and other road users are protected. Furthermore, the insurance also covers maintenance of vehicles in case of damage. Besides, the rules cover the speed limits allowable in given areas, and the use of safety belts. Finally, the laws too cover the action or occasion to be followed in the event of an accident. For example, from 1st January 2013, the Illinois laws allow victims of an accident to remove vehicles from the main way if the accident did not result to an injury. This serves to reduce further accidents that may result from road blockage (Olson & Dewar, 2002).Road safety rules are administrative laws. This is because they involve formulation, enforcement and regulation. Furthermore, there is an agency or agencies, at local or federal levels that ensure that the laws are adhered to. In addition traffic laws are a branch of public laws whose concern is to ensure public road safety.These laws are about related to public health services since they concern the wellbeing of the whole public while

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Marketing - Essay ExampleThe NMC, ROI and ROS need to be seen from the tactical and strategic perspectives before one thinks of adopting any of these three or a combination of all of them for the sake of the business. b) Evaluate the employment of profit-oriented marketing objectives in habitual from a moral-ethical perspective. From a moral-ethical perspective, the profit-oriented marketing objectives must always be aligned in such a way that the people do not injure due to the same count. This is because the profit-oriented marketing tactics are always aimed at benefiting more and more from the organizational stance. The moral-ethical perspective is such that it is on the opposite human face all the same where it focuses more on the people and the society at large rather than mincing any profits or benefits in the vast run scheme of things (Wood, 2011). The moral-ethical perspective is such that it will always bank on delivering sound results, however in keeping with the debate s of morality more than profit-making at the end of the day.

Peter Singer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Peter Singer - Essay ExampleHis moral and ethical perception may be off t from those with tender sensibilities but when you look at his doctrines at a bigger picture, Singers dogma may be rather rational, though not entirely popular.Singer views euthanasia as valid and acceptable provided that the reason for committing the act is to eliminate pain and suffering, as those in stack who have underg hotshot traumatic events that may render them incapacitated and invalid. He further categorized euthanasia as either voluntary, involuntary, and non- voluntary. To Singer, voluntary euthanasia is assisting in the result of ones life, if that person willingly consented and expressed his desire to end his life. Involuntary euthanasia on the other hand is ending ones life without getting consent but the person concerned may have hinted the desire to end his life. Non- voluntary euthanasia is the act of ending ones life, without that persons consent, because that person is not deem capable of making a decision, as when the person do not possess the amiable faculty and consciousness to make a decision for himself.Abortion, to Singer, is morally acceptable. Singer defines the act as terminating a conceived clement being inside the womans womb, in the premise that that child itself has not yet lived a human life, has no consciousness, and has no capacity to feel and live as a human being, unlike those that have already been born. Singer reiterates that to be classified as a viable human being, one must be capable of science and autonomy. It is with this belief that he concludes that abortion, through his utilitarian view, becomes permissible, if opted by the mother.The controversial philosopher believes that infanticide, the act of killing an innocent child, is allowed, in the instance that that child will be uneffective to live a normal, rational, and meaningful life. This is in the case wherein the child is born with malformations and congenital anomalies that would l ater

Job Search Websites Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Job Search Web situations Report - Essay ExampleMonster.com was the first site to be assessed. This is the site with perhaps the most name recognition of the three, and was a pioneer in the web-based job search engine market. Compared to the other sites, Monsters home page is rather diligent and a bit cluttered. This is owed largely to what seems like Monsters attempt to branch out into related services, such as resume writing and a new mark program search engine. Fortunately, the tabbed interface easily cuts through the clutter and allows the user to rather intuitively link to desired tools and features. Although each tab contains some relate that are rather nebulous, it is still easy to find the most helpful features the website has to offer.The most critical feature, the simple job search is front and center on the home page, and easily enabled the test search for this study to be run. Entering software engineer in te key words field, and choosing Boston, Massachusetts from th e spot pull down (there was no way to select all of Massachusetts, only specific locations within the state) resulted in a stop screen prompting the user to enter a student loan payoff sweepstakes. Clicking the no thank you link took the user to the search results. There were 697 hits organized reverse chronologically in 14 pages of 50 hits each. The hit list included the posting date, position title, company name, and location.

Implementing Organizational Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Implementing Organizational Change - Essay ExampleThe third full point is parade reengineering. In this stage it is assumed that incremental changes have a minimal impact, important improvements may be attained by disregarding how the process is undertaken during the present and starting on a clean slate. The final stage is the corporate transformation that is more drastic and involves changes that affect the organization in general. It may include acquisitions and mergers.One of my peers posted an article on Tichys three types of change. The article stated that any change within an organization was caused by changes in the technical, political and cultural aspects. This article was properly researched however failed to take into account the stages of change within an entity (Lune, 2006). The opposite article was on Balogun and Hope-Haileys Change Model. This personate states that there are four types of change within organizations that take four strategies into account. Two cla ssifications are based on the end result and include realignment and transformation. The other two classes are based on nature of change and include big bang and incremental

Fair Values in Accounting for Financial Instruments Essay - 2

Fair Values in Accounting for Financial Instruments - Essay ExampleAlong with the sense development of financial instruments and fair value accounting practices by national standard setting bodies in many countries, fair value measurements have helped to realise a more accurate representation of fact. Because of this, the FASB, IASB and other agencies continue to improve the recognition and measurement standards of financial instruments. For instance, in 1990, Richard C Breeden, the chairman of the SEC pointed disclose that historical cost for financial reporting does not help to prevent and/or defuse financial risk. As such, fair value accounting should be taken as the measurement of financial instruments (SEC, 1990). Although many people support the implementation of fair value, the debate about this has not stopped and has become roughshod especially after a financial crisis.As means of providing an example, FASB No. 157 provides a definition of fair value as the price that wo uld be genuine to sell an plus or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.(Deans, 2007) at that place also have another defines set out by IASB including IAS 32 (presentation of Financial Instrument) and IAS 39 (recognition and measurement) which Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arms length transaction. (IASB) IAS 39 defines fair value slightly other than from SFAS 157 (Laux & Leuz, 2009).Firstly, the information provided by the fair value accounting method can be considered as more relevant. Generally speaking, such information should satisfy the requirements of relevancy and reliability at the same time. Brath explains the quality characteristic of accounting information. In this way, he proposes that it includes reliability, relevance, predictive, timely, neutrality, comparability, etc. (Ball, 2006). H istorical costs

Leadership and Organizational Change Assignment

Leadership and Organizational Change - Assignment ExampleThe driver in this case is the leader in the topmost organization post who is responsible for the running of all activities (Amagoh, 2008). This leader has to possess and apply styles of leadership that support positive organisational change, and not abash it. The following text in discussion studies the importance and application of organizational change highlighting Brunswick Indoor Recreation pigeonholing, which underwent the process to come out better, in additional to how a transformative or charismatic style of leadership contributed to the success of the said changes.Sengupta (2006) defines organizational change is that process through which an organization will optimize its performance, a move geared at achieving its ideal status. The need for the change is to either address a crisis situation or respond to put up with the ever-changing business environment. On another point, though, a progressive leader or manager ca n trigger organizational change, especially after a transfer or reshuffling of executive powers within an organization. Organizational power can be understood through three theories the teleological, dialectical, and life-cycle theories. The teleological theory explains that an organizational change, strives to achieve an ideal status via a continuous strategy of setting goals, executing, evaluating, and restructuring to fit the required state. The dialectical theory uses a hypothesis that an organization is a context in society which occasionally encounters opposing values. The life-cycle theory on its part dictates that an organization is an entity which depends on the external environment, the stages through creating, growing, maturing, and declining (Chen, Suen, Lin, & Shieh, 2013).The Brunswick Indoor Recreation Group is a division unit of the larger Brunswick Corporation, which is based in the United States, a history dating back to 1845. Its headquarters are in Lake Forest, I llinois, in North Chicago. The organization deals with the

Human Developmental Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Developmental Theories - Essay ExamplePsychological researchers have greatly investigated all the attributed of forgiving life that lead to nurture and development of human race psychology. As a result, various theories have been originated such(prenominal) as reductionism, meditational, determinism, contextualism etc. Psychologists have divided such theories into certain categories (Barkway 2009, p. 21). Determinism is a theoretical approach for psychologists to evaluate human psychology which is resolute over the time in connection to the past experiences. Psychologists evaluate human psychology by viewing the past history of kid. Sigmund Freud suggested that there are certain patterns that could be studied while implementing the theory of determinism (Barkway 2009, p. 21). Such aspects include enatic history because it greatly affects a childs development in the period of adolescence. Parent history has a lot in relation with the child development as parents tend to be r esponsible of child nurture process in e real society. Secondly, the history of behaviour could be a very important aspect in understanding human psychological development (Barkway 2009, p. 22). Medical implication of deterministic theory on health care rehearse is the most effective way to help patients. Deterministic theory can be applied on children as it studies the events that took place in the life of a child. Certain questions could be easily answered with the implication of deterministic approach for health care practice.

Magical Realism And Transformation Of Characters In Animated Films Case Study

Magical Realism And Transformation Of Characters In Animated Films - Case Study ExampleThe many character transformations have been used to highlight or depict the social changes of the time some of which may include the changing women rights, homosexual issues and increasing transformations regarding birthrights and abortion rights among others (Moritz, 1996, 49). It has also been widely suggested that the transformations may have been used as a satirical anti-Nazi parable. Generally, although the silhouette artforms may have been made to target children, Lotte Reiniger may also have infused social responsibility.Some of the major characters that have undergone character transformation in the movie include Peri Banu and the African magician. For example, the African magician frees himself from the arrange and transforms into a bat and attempts to seek out Ahmed before the Prince chases him back to human form. The first appearance of the African sorcerer/magician shows him slowly unfold in the medium of close up with his fingers undergoing spider like articulations (Moritz, 1996, 48). As he transforms into various creatures, the body of the African Sorcerer can be seen going through a series of contortions. On the other hand, Aladdin and the magician both engage in a fiery magical due to each transforming into various creatures (Warner (2011, 401). They, however, in brief resume their human form after a while before flinging fireballs at each other. Princess Peri Banu also transforms herself from time to time. In some instances, Peri Banu has a proportionable body with softened mellow and silhouettes with constant grins and smiles while at the time the princess appears as an earthly creature with a frontal appearance.With a lot of plotting this German animation film is the oldest surviving animated motion picture.

Theoretical Background Essay Example for Free

Theoretical Background EssayPurchasing is Critical to run chain efficiency because it is the job of the acquire to select suppliers and then establish mutually beneficial relationships with them. Without good suppliers and without superior purchasing, supply chains washbasinnot compete immediatelys marketplace. Purchasing is also very involved in crossing design and teaching work. Many manuf morselurers have found out that manufacturing constitutes can be reduced, product quality maximized, and new products brought to market at a much faster rate if purchasing brings the key suppliers into the product design and development at the earliest stage of process. And purchasing is directly involved in the implementation of e-commerce systems. (Fitzgerald, 2000) Purchasing is responsible for obtaining the materials, parts, supplies, and function need to produce a product or provide a service. You can get some idea of the sizeableness of purchasing when you consider that, in ma nufacturing, upwards of 60 percent of the exist of finished goods comes from purchased parts and materials.Furthermore, the percentages for purchased inventories ar even higher for retail and wholesale companies, sometimes exceeding 90 percent. Nonetheless, the importance of purchasing is more than just the cost of goods purchased other important factors include the quality of goods and services and the timing of deliveries of goods and services, both of which can have a significant impact on operations. The goal of purchasing is to develop and implement purchasing plans for products and services that support operation strategies. Among the duties of purchasing are identifying sources of supply, negotiating contracts, maintaining a database of suppliers, obtaining goods and services that meet or exceed operations requirements in a timely and cost-efficient manner, and managing suppliers. Thus, purchasing select suppliers, negotiates contracts, establishes alliances, and acts as li aison between suppliers and various internal departments.Purchasing is taking on increase importance as organizations place greater emphasis on supply chain management, quality improvement, clean production, and outsourcing. Moreover, business-to-business buying relationships are changing although traditional relationships currently taradiddle for the lions share of buying relationships, they are expect to decrease substantially by the middle ofthe decade, while Web-based auctions and manage inventory relationships are expected to grow. In addition, increasing globalization will continue to have an impact on purchasing. (McGraw-Hill, 2007) The purchasing function in business organizations is becoming increasingly important. Among the reasons are increased levels of outsourcing, increased used of the Internet, greater emphasis on supply chain management, globalization, and continuing efforts to reduce costs and increase quality.Among purchasing responsibilities are obtaining the mat erials, parts, supplies and services needed to produce a product or provide a service. Price, quality and reliability and speed of delivery are important variables. Purchasing selects suppliers, negotiates contracts, and establishes alliances, and act as liaison between supplier and various internal departments. It also is involved in value analysis, vendor analysis, make-or-buy analysis, supplier audits, and supplier certification. (Morgan, 1994) In galore(postnominal) business organizations there is a move to reduce the number of suppliers and to establish and maintain longer-term relationships with suppliers. Supplier partnerships may involve cooperation that takes the form of sharing of planning and information, and maybe cooperation in product and process design. (Morgan, 1994) An underlying consideration in purchasing, as in all areas of business, is maintaining ethical standards.The supplement provides a recommended set of ethical practices in purchasing. (Morgan, 1994) Alt hough often associated with the public sector, purchasing groups are also an alternative considered more and more by managers of the private sector. A purchasing group increases volume consolidation, qualification it possible to have only one negotiation, in order to increase the purchasing group members power visvis that of its suppliers. However, a purchasing group also constitutes an additional link in the supply chain and its objectives could go contrary to those of some of its members. This is why organisations considering joining a purchasing group should analyse this option strategically, in order to assess correctly the potential longterm benefits. (Nollet Beaulieu, 2005)

Media Censorship Essay Example for Free

Media Censorship EssayIn this assignment I will be looking over whether or not the state and/or federal government have the right to censor what we watch, listen to or come in contact with looking more almost at word picture games and if they have the right to control censoring them accord to the articles of confederation.The rights of the federal government and state governments have really cipher to do with them or should have nothing to do with them. I believe it should go back to what is the constitutional right of the people and what is the right of any government agency according to the constitution. Lets break down the constitution to its bare bones and there we will find the purpose of the government and their responsibilities. There are a lot of things in the constitution but you can break it down into just 6 parts.Form a more perfect union the first colonies werent unite when first arriving but soon found that there is strength in unity or being bound together to help each other(a) uniform an alliance if you will, hence the constitutionEstablish justice For a democratic union or government to work and thrive in moldiness have justice within it. Provide for the common defense A basic system of defense had to be established for defending ourselves against our enemies and foreign threats stiff blessings of liberty We were built on the idea and principle of individual freedoms and liberty, but boundaries needed too be made to ensure that nobody would infringe on those rights, liberties or freedoms.Promote general welfare This made the government provide systems and services that were for the public good or wellbeing. Insure domestic tranquility governing must provide order within the people so there will and can be domestic peace. It also has to keep these people, who know nothing about living or being democratic, from going into anarchy. This says it all and I envisage can play a large role in our issues with censorship. In June of 2011 th e Supreme Court took a stand on voting down Californias request to ban sales of all violent video games to minors. It was shot down 7-2. They turned it down because they said it violated the minors rights under the 1st and 14th amendments.In my opinion I think it would be very difficult for a state or even a federal government to control what is allowed to be seen and not seen especially when it comes to things like media and even more so in terms of video games. What I view as too violent isnt going to be the identical as what someone in congress might view as violent. That being said it is the governments job to ensure domestic tranquility. I think the dirty dog line is media is everywhere and if we censor things like video games and other sources of media to minors if they really want it they are going to get it be cause in this tech savvy world we live in if its illegal and u want it youre going to find it.

Adolescent Sexuality and Risk Factors Essay Example for Free

Adolescent Sexuality and Risk Factors EssayAdolescence is that period between puerility and adulthood, when the adolescent is discovering his or her own identity and dealing with the transition. It is also a time of becoming more aware of sexuality and establishing patterns for future relationships. Those identifying as nonheterosexual i.e. Lesbian, Gay, cissy or Transgender (LGBT), face even more challenges than their heterosexual counterparts.One challenge is their health. Russell and Consolacion (2003) conducted a airfield on the topic of romance and emotional health of adolescents. The authors reason out that youth who had same-sex attractions and who were not in relationships showed increased measures of anxiety and depression. They also had more suicidal ideation than heterosexual youth. The dangers of smoking are well researched and documented. Easton, Jackson, Mowery, Comeau and Sell (2008) in their study concluded that same-sex and bisexual youth are at greater risk for tobacco use. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) notes that increased stress level, mental health and other physical health problems are common among LGBT youth (CDC, 2011).Ray (2006) in a study of homelessness among LGBT youth notes that they face a number of problems in additional to being homeless. They are at increased risk of mental health issues, high risk sexual behaviour to support themselves, substance roast and victimisation.Education is important and LGBT adolescents face challenges in this area. Many of them are likely to be runaways so their education suffers as they are absent from school for considerable periods. Himmelstein Brckner (2011) noted that these young people were also at risk for being more severely punished at school and in the judge system. They are also victims of violence and discrimination at school, often being bullied, teased and harassed (LGBT bullying n.d.).Counsellors working with adolescents who are LBGT must be huffy to the feelings o f uncertainty, rejection and fear that these young people are experiencing.

Next PESTLE Analysis | Next Plc

chthonicmentioned cast Analysis contiguous PlcTagsPESTLE Analysis, PESTEL Analysis, PEST AnalysisIntroductionA PESTLE abbreviation provides and depth psychology of six of the call macro level factors which excise a dividing line and the decision which it makes (Grant, 2008). This assignment will apply the relevant factors inside the PESTLE mannequin to the international clothing retailer neighboring and its subsidiaries. Data upon which the assignment is found comes from a variety of starts including the conjunctions annual report ( abutting, 2012) and released and well as information from the donnish and lineage promote. In order to give the assignment a greater level of stress, the report will be limited to an analysis of the external purlieu in the UK.Political at that place be a wide range of political factors which affect Next at present but as well factors which whitethorn fill an repair upon the association in the future. One key political decision wh ich affects Next in the UK is the rate of tax levied by the government. This has the qualification to affect both the bottom line of the company in the form of conjunction tax but as well as the ability of customers to spend with next, linked to income tax. At present, levels of corpo dimensionn tax in the UK have been lowered in order to attempt to stimulate economical activity (Telegraph, 2012). However, given the continuing deficit, on that point is no endorsement that governments in the future will accommodate the rate of corporation tax at its certain level.Other key political decisions sum up interest rates. At present, UK interest rates stand at an all- era low of 0.5% (BoE, 2010). This may be seen as a positive factor for firms such(prenominal) as Next who ar effectively able to borrow colossal amounts of money for the purposes of great(p) expansion at much lower rates than have been previously seen. much(prenominal) borrowing may take place in the form of lon g term borrowings from banks and financial institutions, alternatively the company may choose to issue unified bonds (Arnold, 2008).Other political issues impact to the governments relatively arms length approach to Europe and remaining outside of the single currency area (FT, 2012). For a UK found clientele such as Next that has international mathematical operations in the Euro Zone, this could be seen as negative with the prospect of foreign exchange rate assays organism felt and the introduction of additional transaction speak tos which would be eliminated if the government decided to join the Euro Zone.From a much general perspective, the UK political system based upon parliamentary democracy may be seen as providing Next with a relatively low risk political surroundings in which to operate within (CIA, 2013). This may be seen as an advantage in comparison close to of Nexts ventures into potentially less shelter political nations such as Russia and those of the Midd le eastern hemisphere. As such, this makes the UK a relatively safe commercialise for Next to make further long term capital investments in where the company may think double in the case of less stable political environments. economicalA critical factor which may have an impact upon Next in the UK is the current state of the economic environment. As a business which makes use of a premium based differentiated strategy, as opposed to being a cost leader, it may be seen that swings within the economic environment have the ability to impact the fortunes of the company to a greater degree than those operate in the indispensableness and budget vault of heaven of the foodstuff (Johnson et al, 2008).From a purely statistical perspective, the course of instructions since 2007 have been an economic rollercoaster for the UK. Following the onset of the world(prenominal) financial crisis in 2007, the incidental year saw GDP growth revert to negative figures with -1% contraction in the economy. This was attach toed by even worse performance in 2009 with a -4% contraction. first levels of growth have been seen since in 2010 and 2011 with GDP growth of 1.8% and 0.8% respectively (World Bank, 2013). However, while the statistics show a slight recovery in 2010 and 2011, others within the business press (BBC News, 2012) indicate that the UK economy could continue to flat line or worse resolvent in a double dip recession. These headline figures may face to paint quite a negative picture for retailers such as Next which are mellowed-pitchedly reliant on the UK economy as a source of revenue. However, an analysis of more detailed economic data may highlight a different perspective.Tutt (2012) presents data which looks at the level of unemployment and household fluid incomes in the UK. In this case an alarming pattern is seen. On the one hand, levels of unemployment have been change magnitude in recent years with a rise from 0.86m in 2007 to 1.53m in 2011. However, conversely, the levels of disposable income of individual households during the period has consistently risen from 14,308 per household in 2007 to 16,042 per household in 2011 (Tutt, 2012). For Next and other premium end retailers this may have a key impact upon strategy. While there may be few customers able to by the products and run of Next due to go unemployment, those who have remained in employment have generally become wealthier. As a result it is likely that such economic patterns may help Next to improve its average spend per customer, even if the total itemize of customers falls.Social-CulturalThere are many social and pagan changes taking place in the UK at present which may have a high level of impact upon the performance of fashion retailers such as Next. In many cases, as representatives of an basically socio-cultural industriousness, the fashion industry itself may be seen as an industry which is affected by such modes to a greater degree than other industries (Curtis et al, 2007).One of the key issues in the UK market, but too seen across Nexts wider European markets is the general aging of the population (Parliament UK, 2012). This may be seen as both problematic but in addition an prospect for Next. One the one hand, an ageing population may see Next having to adapt its product portfolio in an attempt to hold in that the products supplied by company appeal to this aging demographic of the population. In addition, the prospect of an aging population may to a fault see that competition for the increasingly smaller younger demographics of the market becomes more intense for Next as time progresses. condescension these drawbacks, there are also advantages linked to the issue. On consideration is that ageing populations tend to be less mobile than younger demographics, this may be a key advantage for Next given that its home delivery and online business model walk a convenient solution to the problem.Other socio-cultural factors inclu de the consideration that the UK has since World War Two become an increasingly culturally diverse nation with an inflow of diverse cultures, races and ethnicities all contributing towards the socio-cultural backdrop of the UK social system (Shepherd, 2010). For Next, this has non only external implications such as those linked to aligning product ranges to special cultural segments, in attrition, the company musty also ensure that it deals with issues such as managing diversity in the context of its own organisation. In this case, change magnitude cultural diversity smoke be seen as both a source of a competitive advantage yet also a potential source of conflict (Liff, 1997, Ivancevich et al, 2010). As EU expansion takes place and the new(a) member states become further integrated into the EU, there is a distinct possibility that the trends for increased diversity in the UKs labour and consumer markets will increase rather than decrease.TechnologicalThere is little doubt tha t new technological developments have transformed the UK business environment, especially those operate in the retail sector. Key developments may be seen as those technologies which are internet or communications based in nature, such as the wide spread diffusion of broad band (Jobber, 2007).Key technological developments such as the internet have suspended firms such as Next to develop online business models which complement traditional bricks and mortar retail establishments. Empirical evidence from the ONS (2009) on the subject shows that the growth has been almost exponential with a rapid acceptance on the behalf of customers of online shopping in both retail and other markets.Yet communications technologies have not only been used by the sector to facilitate online sales and shift away from the traditional high street place. Other aspects of new technological development have seen a range of new marketing options opened up to retailers such as Next. Most important amongst t hese are developments which have allowed retailers to interact with customers using online social networking sites such as Facebook, YouTube and Twitter. These are now seen as key ingredients in the development of a successful marketing strategy (Zarrella, 2010), largely the product of technological changes in the sector.Other technologies have simply allowed businesses to develop better relationships with their consumers and communicate in a more effective way. Take for instance the technological developments of smartphones and apps. Such technology has allowed companies to develop apps which allow consumers to find their nearest branch or check the facilities and product availability at a branch before making a visit. This allows an effective yoke to be built betwixt the purely online business model such as those operated by a company like Amazon and those falling into the bricks and clicks family (McGoldrick, 2002) such as Next who must seek to leverage the benefits of both ar ms of the business.While technology in this section has largely been presented as an opportunity, there is of course a risk factor. Many have expressed concerns over the abandoning of the high street as consumers flock to online business models. The case is illustrated only as well as latterly with the example of Jessops going into administration, a business which may be seen as falling victim to technological developments (Goodley, 2013).LegalLike all businesses, Next must conform to the legal minimum standards which are enforceable in a jurisdiction. The case of Nexts UK operations legal elements may be seen as more complex given that the company must comply with both UK law and EU law. Some of the key legal regulations which affect Next in the UK are considered belowMinimum wage legislation A key piece of legislation in the UK which affects organisations such as Next with a large total of low paid workers is that of various minimum wage regulations. In this case, the legislat ion requires UK employers to concede their employees a minimum of 6.19 per hour for those aged over 21 (Gov UK). given(p) the large number of employees of firms such as Next which are affected by the National Minimum Wage, temporary shifts in legislative form _or_ system of government can have a high impact upon the sector.Other key legislative issues include equal opportunities legislation and various other acts of parliament designed to ensure equality both in the work place and in the recruitment and selection process (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2010). In this case, such legislation has a direct impact upon the processes and practises of an organisation such as Next who are required not only to design corporate polices which facilitate equality but also to script activities related to recruitment and selection should an employee call foul at a later date. The issue here for businesses such as Next is that the legislative environment often places the burden of proof on the defenda nt rather than the claimant in such cases. As such, the development of detailed HR processes and practises is critical (Bratton and Gold, 2007).Further issues relate to potential moves on the behalf of legislators to become tougher in relation to issues of tax avoidance. While Next has to date not been implicated in any of the tax avoidance scandals, there is a consideration that the actions of other retailers such as Starbucks and Amazon (Syal, 2012) may have provoked the onset of a tougher legislative environment in the future which may have an impact upon innocent parties such as Next.EnvironmentalThe physical environment is also a key issue for firms operational in any given national market and consideration should be considered two how firms treat the physical environment and the impact this has on the business, but also the impact the physical environment generally has upon a business.In general terms, the physical environment which Next operates within in the UK may be seen as relatively benign in comparison to other parts of the world which suffer from high intensity natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes and forest fires. Despite such an environment there have been a number of environmental issues recently in the UK which have affected the retail sector. These have included increasing more frequent floods (Retail Bulletin, 2013) and poor sales due to snow storms and the failure of local authorities to prepare for periods of inclement weather (Hall, 2011).Other aspects of the environmental analysis require firms to consider their own impact upon the environment. In general terms, the literature (Parsons and MacLaran, 2009) considers that consumers are becoming increasing aware of the impact of businesses upon their environment. As such, if businesses are to maintain customer loyalty and avoid negative backlashes, then they must seek to minimise their impact upon the environment. In the retail sector, this may include reducing waste, rivule t more efficient transport operations and implementing ethical sourcing policies. While failure to comply with such consumer demands may result in a negative consumer backlash, with the credence of the right approach, high environmental credentials can be used to add comfort to a product or service. Such an example is seen in the Marks and Spencer (2013) and Body Shop business models in the retail sector.ConclusionHaving reviewed the key factors within the macro level environment as presented in the PESTLE framework, it is possible to come to a number of conclusions in relating the model to Next and its UK operations. On the one hand, it would appear that the external environment is a largely intriguing one for Next with the prospect of further poor economic performance and a requirement to comply with what may be seen as a relatively tough legislative environment. However, the PESTLE factors would also seem to indicate that there are some large opportunities for Next in the UK. Such opportunities include the ability to borrow at low interest rates to fund capital expansion and increased opportunities to link technological developments to changes in the social fabric of hunting lodge in order to drive more sales through with(predicate) web based platforms. Other factors such as changing technologies and increases in diversity may be seen as neither positive or negative intrinsically but still require some change on the behalf of Next. Having reached these conclusions, the final imprint of the writer is that the external environment is essentially neutral for Next at the moment and that the success of the business will be largely dependent upon whether managers of the business capitalise upon the stated opportunities or allow the challenges to see Next becoming another casualty of the death of the high street.BibliographyArnold, G. (2008). Corporate financial management. quaternate ed. Harlow FT Prentice Hall.BBC News. (2012). UK economy in double dip r ecession. purchasable online at http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17836624 Accessed on 18/01/13.BoE. (2010). Bank of England maintains bank rate at 0.5% and the sizing of the asset purchase program at 200 billion. Available online athttp//www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/news/2010/084.htmAccessed on 18/01/13.Bratton, J, Gold, J. (2007). Human resource management theory and practise. 4th ed. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan.CIA. (2013). World fact book UK. Available online athttps//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.htmlAccessed on 18/01/13.Pilbeam, S, Corbridge, M. (2010). People resourcing and talent planning. 4th ed. Harlow FT Prentice Hall.Curtis, E, Watson, H, Sephton, L. (2007). Fashion retail. second ed. New York John Wiley and Sons.FT. (2012). UKs Euro trade supremacy under attack. Available online athttp//www.ft.com/cms/s/0/736bd72a-3c9a-11e2-a6b2-00144feabdc0.htmlAccessed on 18/01/13.Goodley, S. (2013). Jessops goes into administration, putting 2 ,000 jobs at risk. Available online athttp//www.guardian.co.uk/business/2013/jan/09/jessops-verge-administration-jobs-riskAccessed on 18/01/13.Gov UK. (2013). National minimum wage rates. Available online athttps//www.gov.uk/national-minimum-wage-ratesAccessed on 18/01/13.Grant, R, M. (2008). Contemporary strategy analysis. 6th ed. Oxford Blackwell Publishing.Hall, J. (2011). Snow cost Next and HMV 42m in lost Christmas sales. Available online athttp//www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/8240799/Snow-costs-Next-and-HMV-42m-in-lost-Christmas-sales.htmlAccessed on 18/01/13.Ivancevich, J, M, Konopaske, R, Matteson, M, T. (2010). Organisational behaviour and management. 9th ed. New York McGraw Hill Irwin.Liff, S. (1997). Two routes to managing diversity individual differences or social group characteristics. Employee relations. Vol. 19. No. 1. pp11-26.Marks and Spencer. (2013). Plan A Doing the right thing. Available online at http//plana.marksandspencer.com/we-are -doing/sustainable-raw-materials/stories/6/ Accessed on 14/01/12.Next. (2012). Annual report 2012. Available online athttp//ir2.flife.de/data/next/igb_html/index.php?bericht_id=1000007index=lang=ENGAccessed on 18/01/13.Parliament UK. (2012). Aging population. Available online athttp//www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/key-issues-for-the-new-parliament/value-for-money-in-public-services/the-ageing-population/Accessed in 13/01/13.Retail Bulletin. (2013). Its time for retailers to prepare for the worst and adapt to climate extremes. Available online at http//www.theretailbulletin.com/news/its_time_for_retailers_to_prepare_for_the_worst_and_adapt_to_climate_extremes_07-01-13/ Accessed on 18/01/13.Shepherd, J. (2010). Englands schools are becoming more diverse. Available online athttp//www.guardian.co.uk/ fostering/2010/jan/20/schools-more-diverseAccessed on 18/01/13.Syal, R. (2012). Amazon, Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK profits. The Guardian Newspaper. Avail able online athttp//www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/nov/12/amazon-google-starbucks-diverting-uk-profitsAccessed on 18/01/13.Telegraph. (2012). Budget 2012 Corporation tax cut will boost UK but not enough. Available online athttp//www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/budget/9158950/Budget-2012-Corporation-tax-cut-will-boost-UK-but-not-enough.htmlAccessed on 24/11/12.Tutt, L. (2012). Market report 2012 gambling and betting. Key Note. Oct 2012.World Bank. (2012). GDP annual growth %. Available online at http//data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG Accessed on 12/01/13.Zarrella, D. (2010). The social media marketing book. California OReilly Media.Automobile field Analysis Five Forces and SWOTAutomobile Sector Analysis Five Forces and SWOT1. Overview of the railroad car sectorFive forces analysisCompetitive Rivalry between Existing Players HighCompetition between existing automobile companies is high. Although the automobile market was dominated by the three big auto manufacturers in US, Toyota and Honda in Japan, the situation is changed. With the growing demand in emerging market, the emerging competitors in China and India may drive an intensified bell competition. However, the competition could also focus on the safety, warranty and financial services etc.Threat of New Entrants MediumAlthough the entrant barrier is high for the automobile industry be mother the requirement of capital and technology, an increasing number of automobile manufacturers are emerging in China and Asia due to the economic expansion and growing demand. However, these automakers are in the development stance and may not catch up the leading technology in Japan and US, so the threat from new entrants is medium.Threats of Substitutes LowCustomers could choose to tack to exile authority other than automobile such as bicycles, buses and subways. However, the automobile is still the favourite despite the relevant high cost than other mentioned transportation means because its flexibi lity, comfort and convenience.Bargaining Power of Suppliers LowIn automobile industry, the component supplier has little bargaining spot because the manufacturer could switch to other suppliers easily. On the other hand, the components are generally low value and the suppliers find it difficult to bargain with automakers.Bargaining Power of Customers HighThe competition in the automobile industry is intense as mentioned above. So the customers have many choices on the brands and models. Customers care to the highest degree the quality, price, safety, comfort, appearance of the car. Recently, customers are also more and more concerned about the environmental effect of the automobile and the force efficiency. So the customers get more and more bargaining power in automobile industry.2. Toyota push back follow2.1 Overview of the company confederacy profileToyota Motor Corp. is one of the largest and leading automobiles manufacturers in the globe. It operates in three main business segments the two biggest are automobile and financial services whereas the third one is comprised by many smaller other divisions. It is spread worldwide as it has 50 manufacturing facilities in 27 countries and regionsToyota designs, manufactures and sales passenger cars of some(prenominal) types and utilities, trucks, tractors and material handling equipment, minivans and other car accessories. Its products can be divided into 2 main categories, conventional and hybrid fomites. The company sells its products under Toyota, Lexus, Hino and Daihatsu brandsThe company is also engaged in the financial industry as it provides financing to its customers and dealers. It is also involved in housing, marine, e-commercial, ITS and biotechnological activities.Toyota sells its vehicles in more than 170 countries and regions worldwide. Toyotas primary markets are Japan, nitrogen America, Europe and Asia. It is headquartered in Toyota City, Japan and employed around 316,121 people as on March 31, 2008Strategy AnalysisToyotas strategy can be summarised under three key principles growth, efficiency and stability. These are the three priorities the companys management will pursue to achieve future sustainable growth and increase the economic value. harvest-time will be achieved through continuous investment mainly in hybrid vehicle segment to meat the increasing demand. Efficiency is mainly focused on cost management and further reduction in order for the company to be able to provide high quality products in low-priced prices and maintain its competitive advantages. Stability will be ensured by maintaining a solid financial base. Within the economic downturn it is important for Toyota to maintain suitable liquidity in order to continue to finance its investments in research and development of new technologies, which is an integral and essential part of the companys advantages.Peer GroupAs Toyota operates in the global market its competitors come from all around the worl d. Its study competitors are BMW AG, DaimlerChrysler AG, Fiat S.p.A., Ford Motor Company, General Motors Corporation, Honda Motor Co. Ltd., PSA Peugeot, Renault S.A., Volkswagen AG and many othersSWOT AnalysisStrengthsWeaknessesStrong overall financial performanceStrong reputation and qualityStrong position is Asian marketenquiry and developmentProduction pipeline system and cost managementDiversified product portfolioFinancial services are still undevelopedHuge expenses on pensions and post-retirement benefitsOpportunitiesThreatsIncreasing demand for hybrid and environmental-friendly carsExpansion in emerging Asian marketsFinancial and other non-auto division developmentNew car modelsGlobal economic crisisStrong competition in automotive industryYen and US dollar exchange ratesTight environmental regulations on carbon emissionsProblems with specific components of sold cars. (Recent brake problem)2.1. Key Financials Analysis31/3/200931/3/200831/3/200731/3/200631/3/2005 sales207,85 2.40264,120.58202,821.01178,294.05173,443.60 run(a) Income-4,667.5222,809.8218,959.8415,919.5115,192.39Net Income Available to Common-4,423.7917,259.0513,923.6211,629.6310,950.45 essential Assets292,725.95324,979.61275,051.76242,604.35227,515.08 gist Liabilities185,398.39199,132.47169,488.89148,104.55138,230.49Common Equity101,865.07119,249.79100,242.1589,502.9484,563.86Net cash in feed in Operating Activities14,724.726,357.627,783.522,136.222,144.6* IMPORTANT First year to report losses* Stable increase in sales Decline in 2009 greatly affects income* Severe decrease in cash flow from direct activities, nearly 50%* Very big difference between sales and operating income points out severe cost expenses for the company. As this differences is constantly increasing it is not far from the truth to say that Toyota is gradually loosing its competitive advantages in cost efficiency against its competitors.* General trend in key financial s shows a steady and permanent increase until 2 008 and a sharp fall in 2009, due to severe problems of economic recession and its great impact on automobiles industry.This trend applies for almost all financial s, pointing out that the companys performance as a whole followed a movement like this.2.3. Multiples analysis31/3/200931/3/200831/3/200731/3/200631/3/2005 hurt To Earnings-22.439.1914.7415.2511.23Price To Book0.971.322.041.971.44Price To Cash Flow7.414.837.837.805.87Price To gross revenue0.50.70.81.00.7* Multiples follow companys general trend, namely increase until 2007 and then decreasing sharply* Consistent with overall picture of company, multiple analysis show the economic downturn of the entity from 2007 onwards* Point to mention negative P/E ratio. Markets expectation about company looks very slim. The economic crisis, alongside with its severe problems generating income and its recently damaged reputation, create really unfortunate future prospects for Toyota. The negative P/E ratio and specifically its magnitud e (-22) implies that nobody is neither willing to pay to buy the companys share nor expecting any profit generation.* Very sharp decline as well 31.62 units is something extremely noticeable. If we focus on decline itself, it shows an extremely speedy unfavorable turn of the market towards the company.2.4. Companys performance31/3/200931/3/200831/3/200731/3/200631/3/2005 advantageousnessReturn on Equity-3.9814.4914.6814.0013.60Operating Profit Margin-2.258.649.358.938.76Asset UtilizationTotal Assets Turnover0.710.810.740.730.76Net Sales % Working Capital28.93180.701412.6229.7815.30 trainEBITDA / Interest expenditure20.9486.1977.33153.70146.20 foresightful Term Debt/ Common Equit62.6350.4052.9253.4155.44Valuation InvestmentEarnings Per Share-1.415.434.343.573.32Dividend Yield Close3.212.821.591.401.63LiquidityQuick Ratio0.810.770.760.810.87 flow Ratio1.071.011.001.071.15* Negative profitability in 2009* Fluctuating sales/working capital as a result of fluctuation if investments ( working capital)* Gearing increase in 2009 at the same time with high decrease of interest cover* Stable and quite low liquidity2.5. Cash Flow analysis31/3/200931/3/200831/3/200731/3/200631/3/2005Cash Flow Operating Activities14,724.726,357.627,783.522,136.222,144.6Cash Flow drop Activities(12,265.3)(34,254.0)(32,727.4)(29,704.4)(28,591.6)Cash Flow Financing Activities6,967.46,242.77,565.67,716.83,917.0Effect of exchange rates-1,294.04-749.27218.18604.94232.09Net Cash Flow8,132.86-2,402.992,839.91753.58-2,297.85* Severe decrease in cash flow from operating activities, nearly 50% which vividly affects its operating income* Extreme decrease in investing activities around 70%, probably caused by cash shortage and policy change. The company issued a new project with main goal to improve profits and cover operating expenses and as a result we see a large negative impact in new investments.* Financing activities exhibit a stationary trend over the past few years indicating the stable fin ancial policy of the entity.* Adverse effects of exchange rates during the last two years indicating the risk the company runs because of the Yens depreciation to the U.S dollar and the Euro.2.6. Stock functioningThe companys share performance seems to move according to the index, with the trend to over perform it constantly. We can see the decline of the shares price, which started right before the end of 2008, following the global economic recession. At the turning point, which is in the beginning of 2009, we observe a relatively high trading volume, probably indicating the forthcoming upward movement. It is also really significant to point out the extreme high trading volume observed during the first months of 2010, followed by a new decline of the shares price. This reflects the problems that Toyota is facing nowadays. There is a considerable lack of trust from the market towards the company which is mainly caused by its severely damaged reputation and loss of quality.3. Ford M otor Company3.1 Overview of the companyA . Company profileThe group operates in two segments Automotive and Financial Services. For the automotive segment which consists of Ford, Lincoln, Mercury and Volvo has a main operating activity in manufacturing, sale and service of component for cars and trucks.The Financial services segment is included of financing, insurance and leasing regarding to cars, trucks, industrial equipment, construction equipment and other activities. The company has operation in North America, South America, Europe, Africa and Asia- Pacific.B. Strategy Analysis One FordThe Company has initiated the new strategy called One Ford which has detail as followo ONE TEAM focuses the significant of team work in order to reach the automotive leadership. The measurement is satisfactory of business partners, employees, investors, and related companies.o ONE PLAN The cardinal-step plan has been established which composed of balance between cost structure and revenue develo p new product follow customer preference develop balance sheet status and finance the plan and cooperation around the world to leverage companys resources.o ONE GOAL That is to create an kindle and viable company with profitable growth for all.Ford has started the restructuring business process before the economic crisis which the Company has reduced the excess capacity, closed some unprofitable plants and lower excess workforce. In addition, Ford has improved the product line in term of higher quality, more safety, use less energy and more economic.* Affordable Fuel Economy Focusing on deliver terminate efficiency engine to the market. For example, the 2010 Ford Fusion is now Americas most fuel efficient midsize sedan for both the hybrid and conventional gasoline models.* Electrification strategy plan to bring pure batteryelectric vehicles, next-generation hybrids and a plug-in hybrid to market quickly and more affordably over the next four-spot years.* Safety leadership Ford go t totaling 16 models picked from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety which more than other brands.* EcoBoost Engine delivers significant gains in fuel economy along with a great performance drive feel.C. Peer GroupFords peer group is Daimler AG, Fiat Spa Honda Motor Company Limited, Motors Liquidation Company, Nissan Motor Company Limited, Toyota Motor Corp and Volkswagen AG.D. Fords SWOT AnalysisStrengthsWeaknessesl Wide geographicOperate throughout the world and has a strong market in North America, Europe and Asia. Sales of each region of 2008 are 49%, 39% and 12% respectively. The well diversified market of ford reduces the risk of economic problem in specific area.l Brand royaltyFord has renowned reputation about quality and also owns other renowned brands such as Lincoln, Mercury and Volvo.l Quality carFord owns totaling 16 models of car that rated as safety car by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safetyl Product RecallExperienced many recalled products due to the qu ality of defective cruise control switch which may cause fire. Even though there is no fire cases reported but the Companys reputation is negative affected.l Negative operating resultl Low gross marginGSKs long-term debt increased by 115.5% in 2008, which may lead to problems such as minatory interest payment, risk of having too little working capital and even increasing possibilities of bankruptcy.l Too much long-term debtThis may lead to problems such as heavy interest payment, risk of having too little working capital and even increasing possibilities of bankruptcy.OpportunitiesThreatsl Expanding market in emerging marketFord has a plan to expand its sale in the emerging market which has great buying power in the future.l Eco-friendly engineFord has high reputation in the eco-friendly engine such as hybrid engine which has very promising market.l Fuel efficiencyFord found another opportunity in the market for fuel-efficient in small and middle car.l High competitionDue to new co mpetitor, lower demand and excess capacity.l Economic crisisEconomic crisis and regression in USA where is the main market of Ford caused severe effect to the Company.3.2. Key Financial AnalysisSource ThomsonFinancialScaling figure 1,000,000 USDCurrency USD12/31/0812/31/0712/31/0612/31/0512/31/04Net Sales or Revenues146,277.00172,455.00160,123.00177,089.00171,652.00Operating Income3,518.008,031.00-8,167.007,010.0010,681.00Earnings Before Interest And Taxes (EBIT)-4,885.006,792.00-6,689.009,354.0011,669.00Interest Expense On Debt9,682.0010,927.008,783.007,643.007,071.00Net Income Available to Common-14,681.00-2,764.00-12,615.002,441.003,634.00Total Assets215,773.00276,459.00275,337.00264,891.00294,447.00ST Debt Current Portion of LT Debt63,972.0061,052.0062,456.0059,904.0066,433.00Long Term Debt90,716.00107,478.00109,593.0094,428.00106,540.00Total Liabilities231,889.00269,410.00277,643.00250,812.00277,525.00Common Equity-17,311.005,628.00-3,465.0012,957.0016,045.00 Net sales decre ased from 2007 about 15% as the economic crisis in the State which is the main market of Ford. The Company has had actual losses from operation since 2006. Ford has high outstanding of long-term loan which may causes liquidity deficiency or bankruptcy if the Company still has ceaselessly loss in the future. As a result of net losses from operation since 2006, Ford has had negative shareholders equity since then.3.3. Multiples AnalysisMONTHLY HISTORICAL food market PRICESY2008Y2007Y2006Y2005Y2004January6.648.138.5813.1714.54February6.537.917.9712.6513.75March5.727.897.9611.3313.57April8.268.046.959.1115.36May6.808.347.169.9814.85June4.819.426.9310.2415.65July4.808.516.6710.7414.72August4.467.818.379.9714.11September5.208.498.099.8614.05October2.198.878.288.3213.03November2.697.518.138.1314.18December2.296.737.517.7214.64.5 Year5 YearVALUATIONY2008Y2007Y2006Y2005Y2004Y2003Growth RateAverageP/E Ratio (High)-1.36-6.93-1.4112.949.6334.66-1.042.57P/E Ratio (Low)-0.16-4.75-0.906.647.011 3.16-1.01P/E Ratio (Close)-0.35-4.81-1.126.778.1332.00-1.011.73Price/Sales0.040.080.090.090.180.18-0.800.10Price/Book Value-0.322.62-4.141.141.742.62-3.940.21Price/Cash Flow0.441.241.760.701.111.35-0.671.05Price/Working Capital0.000.000.000.000.000.00-0.167.78TARenderChart.png* P/E ratio turned to be negative since net losses from operation since 2006 and also the market price has continuously decreased from 8.58 in the beginning of 2006 to 2.29 at the end of 2008.* P/B ratio had negative value in 2008 from the negative book value of Ford.3.4. Companys performanceWorldscopeCurrency USDPROFITABILITY RATIOS12/31/0812/31/0712/31/0612/31/0512/31/04Return On Invested Capital0.251.921.952.953.32Operating Profit Margin2.432.943.125.026.54ASSETS UTILIZATION RATIOSAsset Turnover0.630.600.590.590.58Net Sales Pct Working Capital10.626.215.6811.0641.64LEVERAGE RATIOSEBITDA / Interest Expense-0.500.62-0.761.221.65LT Debt Pct Common Equity-76.88233.49316.381,268.121,229.66LIQUIDITY RATIOSQuick Ra tio1.051.081.121.081.03Current Ratio1.211.251.301.251.19 Profitability ratios do not show the devout performance as Ford has had net loss from operation since 2006. Leverage ratios also go in the same trends as a result of negative equity and high outstanding balance of long-term loan. Liquidity ratios present that Ford still can generate cash to supply its working capital but if consider to the long-term debts Ford may cannot provide enough cash to support its debt payment since these ratios are still in the low range compared with its debt outstanding amount.3.5. Cash flow analysisSource ThomsonFinancialScaling Factor 1,000,000 USDCurrency USD12/31/0812/31/0712/31/0612/31/0512/31/04Net Cash Flow From Operating Activities-179.0017,074.009,609.0021,674.0022,591.00Net Cash Flow From Investing Activities3,143.006,457.0024,862.00-7,462.008,567.00Long Term Borrowings42,163.0033,113.0058,258.0024,559.0022,223.00Inc(Dec) In ST Borrowings-5,120.00919.00-5,825.00-8,591.004,937.00Reduction In Long Term Debt46,299.0039,431.0036,601.0036,080.0036,021.00Net Cash Flow From Financing Activities-9,104.00-5,242.0015,273.00-20,651.00-14,226.00 The Company cannot generated sufficient cash from operation and had negative net cash flow from operation. Moreover the Company had to pay interest expenses for loans and had high net cash paid for financing activity.3.6. Stock market performance Ford shares have been traded lower than SP500 since 2001 until 2010. Especially since 2006 that the operating results had continuous substantial losses.4. Honda Motor Company Limited4.1. IntroductionHonda Motor is one of leading automobile manufacturers in the world. The company develops, manufactures and markets automobiles, motorcycles and power products. The company also provides financing services to the dealer and customer for the sale of products. Honda has global operations in areas including North, South and Central America, Asia, Middle East, and Europe with its headquarter at Tokyo i n Japan.Strategy analysisHonda Motor has three strategies. They are Staying Close to Customers, glocalization and five region strategy. Staying close to customers mean the maintenance of the qualities of a small company, set aside value product with flexibility and efficiency as a small company does and maintain global reach and technology advantage as a large company does is the drive to the future growth of Honda. Glocalization means the effort to launch subsidiaries in regions that could best meet the demand of local customers and expand the subsidiaries as the local demand increases. Five region strategy requires the operations focus on five areas the world. They are North America, South America, Europe/Middle East/Africa, Asia/Oceania and Japan. The management decisions are served to suit the situation in different areas. The advanced RD capacity equips the Honda to provide flexible products to adjust the need of these regions.Business activitiesThe company operates through fo ur business segments the automobile business, motorcycle business, financial services, and power products.The automobiles business division manufactures passenger cars, multi-wagons, minivans, port utility vehicle, sports coupe and mini vehicles. Hondas automobiles use gasoline engines of three, four or six-cylinder, diesel engines and gasoline-electric hybrid systems. Honda also offers alternative fuel-powered vehicles such as natural gas, ethanol, and fuel cell vehicles. In 2008, the company sold 3,925,000 units of automobiles.The motorcycle business produces a range of motorcycles, including scooters, electric-motor-assisted bicycles, sports bikes and large touring cycles. Hondas motorcycles use gasoline engines developed by Honda that are air or water cooled, two or four cycled, and single, two, four or six cylinder. In 2008, the company sold a total of 9,320,000 units of motorcycles.Honda offers a variety of financial services to its customers and dealers through its widespread finance subsidiaries.Hondas power products manufactures a variety of power products including power tillers, portable generators, general purpose engines, grass cutters, outboard engines, water pumps, snow throwers, power carriers, power sprayers, lawn mowers and lawn tractors (riding lawn mowers). Honda also manufactures the major components and parts used in its products, including engines, frames and transmissions.Peer GroupThe globalization of the Honda motor makes it face the global intense competition. The competitors include Ford Motor, Nissan Motor, Toyota Motor, Volkswagen etc.(in the automobile sector) and Yamaha Motor, Harley-Davidson etc.(in the motor vehicle industry).SWOT AnalysisStrengthsWeaknessesl Global diversificationThe company operates a total of 397 subsidiaries, and 104 affiliates all over the world.l Leading market position and good brand imageHonda is one of the largest vehicle and motorcycle manufacturers over the world with strong brand strength.l Strong Research and Development capacityThe large investment in RD could equip Honda the capability to differentiate itself in the intense competitive market.l Declining Market Share in SectorEvident of decline in unit sales and lost of market shares in the automobile industry.l Low employee productivityHonda has a weak proportion on the number of employees and the revenues.OpportunitiesThreatsl Growing demand in Asian marketHonda has taken measures to occupy the huge potential Asian market.l Growing demand in hybrid electric vehiclesThe companys emphasis on hybrid technology innovation will capture market trends as an opportunity to enhance its market share.l Global competitionThe competition would result in price pressure and thus reduce the profitability.l Tightening emission regulationsThe emission standards will cause Honda to occur more costs in product development, testing and manufacturing process design.4.2. Key Financials AnalysisSource ThomsonFinancialCurrency JPYScaling Factor 1000000 JPY31/3/200931/3/200831/3/200731/3/200631/3/2005Sales10,011,241.0012,002,834.0011,087,140.009,907,996.008,650,105.00Operating Income189,643.00953,109.00851,879.00730,889.00630,920.00Net Income Available to Common137,005.00600,039.00592,322.00597,033.00486,197.00Total Assets11,579,494.0012,439,610.0011,964,917.0010,533,995.009,187,808.00Total Liabilities7,449,150.007,753,539.007,359,399.006,320,785.005,828,513.00Common Equity4,007,288.004,544,265.004,482,611.004,125,750.003,289,294.00Net Cash Flow Operating Activities3836411126918904525576557746624l The operating income reduces salientally, approximately 80% from the previous years result. This result is caused by the severe decline in the sales and the consequently increase in inventory cost.l Before 2009, all the s are in a healthy and steady upward trend. But in the fiscal year ended at 31st march 2009, the volumes all experienced a dramatic decline. They are caused by the sales plunge.l The declines trends are due to th e economic recession caused by the financial crisis because the demand in Japan, US and Europe shrank. The automobile industry faces a severe challenge and most companies in the sector reported unsatisfactory results.4.3. Multiple analysis31/3/200931/3/200831/3/200731/3/200631/3/2005Price To Earnings30.78.610.3Price To Book1.01.11.61.5Price To Cash Flow4.64.26.8Price To Sales0.40.40.70.70.6l Although the P/E ratio increases significantly, its not a good sign. The increase in P/E ratio is not due to the high expectation of the investors and the fundamentals such as growth opportunities. Instead, the soaring P/E is the result of the plummeting earnings to common shareholders.l The price to book ratio and price to sales declined in 2008 and 2009, indicating the declining