The Presence of Art through Morality and Social Roles in Emma - Literature Essay Samples

Not all art is moral, but all that is moral is art. Especially art which intends to improve life rather than degrade. Set in the early nineteenth century, Emma by Jane Austen traces the social circles of Highbury—particularly the life of Emma Woodhouse, a wealthy daughter of a gentleman who enjoys matchmaking others but participates little in romance herself. In â€Å"What is Art?† Leo Tolstoy delves into the nature, state, and purpose of art; above all, Tolstoy remarks that art is not art without moral or emotional intention. Similarly, John Gardner remarks that art must be life-affirming in order to be art. Although Tolstoy and Gardner lived a century apart, their like-minded criteria can evaluate any piece of art—including Emma. Based on Tolstoyan and Gardner’s artistic standards, Emma by Jane Austen would classify as art due to the foil characters to Emma who depict proper moral behavior such as her friend Harriet Smith and acquaintance and rival Jane Fairfax; in addition Emma and Frank Churchill are characters which are not embodiments of ideal moral standards but marry their moral â€Å"superiors† which fits the criteria of moral art. In Emma, Harriet Smith represents the primary foil character to Emma Woodhouse. Though opposite in nature, they both become great friends. However, Harriet’s age and naivete grant her more as a subordinate to Emma rather than her equal. Nonetheless, Emma should hope to become more like Harriet because she represents all of the qualities a woman of early nineteenth-century English society would hope to possess; which includes â€Å"‘ †¦ Sweetness of temper and manner, a very humble opinion of herself, and a great readiness to be pleased with other people. I am very much mistaken if your sex in general would not think such beauty and such temper, the highest claims a woman could possess’† (Austen 73). Emma describes Harriet to Mr Knightley as if she is advertising her friend to a potential suitor. Harriet embodies perfect moral standard in that she does not push to get what she wants in the same way as Emma. Austen’s novels prominently featureâ₠¬â€and often satirize—social standards. Coincidentally, Harriet Smith represents such standard: she is a respectable, agreeable, and kind young woman. Therefore, she makes the perfect mold for Emma to shape. She has an impatient temper and often manipulates the lives of others but still holds a high regard for social standards. Emma depicts social roles as more valuable than life itself, which grants it artistic integrity since Tolstoy remarks, â€Å"All that now †¦ makes the social life of man possible (and already now this is an enormous part of the order of our lives)— all this has been brought about by art† (Tolstoy). Art sets the standard for morality—not society—though society can utilize art as a way to set laws and moral codes to follow. The intention of art is to halt violence and insurrection. Otherwise, society cannot function because immoral societies do not endure. The connection between Tolstoy and Austen is the emphasis on mora lity in society, and Harriet Smith is the epitome of the good necessary to placate social roles. Another foil character of Emma is her acquaintance, Jane Fairfax. However, Jane resembles more of a rival than a friend to Emma in that she is an agreeable but rather indifferent young woman. While there is no actual hostile interaction between them, Emma does not like Jane because she is envious of her character. In fact, Emma even admits to her envy when â€Å"Mr Knightley had once told her it was because she saw in her the really accomplished young woman, which she wanted to be thought herself; and though the accusation had been eagerly refuted at the time, there were moments of self-examination in which her conscience could not acquit her† (Austen 193). Clearly, Emma wishes she could possess the same attractive qualities as Jane. She is not truly Emma’s rival, but Emma holds her to petty prejudice. Even when Jane Fairfax is ill, Emma secretly hopes she does not get better because she did not want to see her rival in good spirits. Nonetheless, Emma never commits any harm toward Jane, because that would be immoral. Art is necessary to inform how someone should act toward other members of society: â€Å"If by art it has been inculcated how people should treat †¦ their relations, strangers, foreigners, how to conduct themselves to their elders, their superiors, to those who suffer, to their enemies† (Tolstoy). Particularly, treatment toward enemies. Behavior is necessary for social roles and standards, and morals should not be compromised. Emma is art because art, by nature, is moral and therefore should teach others how to act accordingly to social standards. Emma treats Jane Fairfax like any heroine of a nineteenth-century novel set in society: debase her in casual conversation when she is not around or in her thoughts. Since Emma is a high member of society, she cannot do much more toward Jane, and Austen implements that art does not tolerate conflict, which represents Tolstoy’s ideals of art. As opposed to the previous characters, Frank Churchill is not a foil but a parallel of Emma. Frank Churchill is the son of Emma’s family friend Mr. Weston and former governess Mrs. Weston, though she had never met him before. Austen inserts an interesting dynamic between Emma and Frank Churchill: at first, they are simply acquaintances but become close friends in time. However, that connection severs when Emma convinces herself that Frank is in love with her. After that situation, Emma’s comfort with Frank subsides to near resentment. Later, she learns of his engagement to Jane Fairfax—her rival. Though her opinion of him levels, Emma still does not want to see herself in Frank’s character, but she cannot help but compare them since â€Å"‘ †¦ There is a likeness in our destiny; the destiny which bids fair to connect us with two characters so much superior to our own’† (Austen 567). Emma and Frank Churchill are not perfect embodime nts of moral behavior, but the novel emphasizes that they are generally good characters who marry spouses that are morally greater than themselves. Even when he marries Jane Fairfax, Emma acknowledges that Jane is a more suitable match for Frank than she, and that is because while Jane—along with Harriet and Mr Knightley—depict foil characters to Emma, she and Frank are strikingly similar in behavior and matrimony. According to Gardner, art should intend to heal rather than scar: â€Å"Art begins in a wound, an imperfection—a wound inherent in the nature of life itself— and is an attempt to learn to live with the wound or heal it† (Gardner 181). In this case, Emma and Frank are the wounds who hope to become better people through their individual marriages to superior characters. From the start, the novel reveals Frank and Emma as imperfect people—not that Harriet, Jane, or Mr Knightley are perfect, but characters constantly dote about their good-nature and kindness—and by the end, they are still imperfect, but willing to accept their place beneath their morally superior spouses. Between Harriet Smith and Jane Fairfax, these feminine foil characters of Emma embody ideal moral figures of early nineteenth-century social standards in England. Austen emphasizes subjects within the novel such as social roles, moral standards, and little tolerance for immoral behavior. Emma may not be the most ideal depiction of moral behavior, but she respects her position in society by marrying her family friend and suitor Mr Knightley as well as befriending and supporting Harriet, both of whom Emma refers to as her moral superiors. Therefore, Emma would classify as art according to Tolstoy and Gardner due to the novel’s purpose and intention of upholding moral social standards. Perhaps art imitates life, but it is far more likely that life imitates art—especially if that art is moral.

Depression And Its Effects On Children - 1411 Words

Depression in Children Students’ Name Institutional Affiliation Depression in Children Commonly, depression is a serious disorder that affects all individuals irrespective of their ages; that is the children and adolescents. In definition, it is the persistent experience of irritable mood as well the loss of interest in nearly all activities (Wade Tavris, 2000). Normally, these feelings are accompanied by additional symptoms that affect the activity level, concentration, sleep, appetite, as well as feelings of self-worth. Psychologists believe that mental illness affects the entire body; it influences the way an individual feels, acts and thinks. Depression can cause school failure, suicide, and drug abuse such as alcohol†¦show more content†¦The things that the child enjoyed now bring little or no joy to the child who is now depressed. Child psychiatrists give advice to the parents to be careful and observant to avoid cases of depressions on their children while they are in their young age (Bornstein Bradley, 2012). Children, who are depressed, may utter we ird words such as they want to die, or others may talk about committing suicide. Depressed children face high risks of for committing the act, suicide. At times, children who are always causing troubles at school and homes may be suffering from depression. Since the young child may not always seem sad, teachers and parents may not be in a position to realize that troublesome behaviors come as a result of depressions, and when directly asked, these children openly state that they are sad or either unhappy (Evans Andrews, 2005). The types of depressions that affect children are major depression; adjust disorders with depressed mood, dysthymia, seasonal affective disorder, as well as bipolar. Major depression This is considered a very serious condition, which is characterized by a long-lasting sad mood, guilt, the inability to feel happiness, and feelings of worthlessness (Evans Andrews, 2005). Depression cases that are majors normally interfere with day-to-day activities of the child such as sleeping and eating. Children suffering from major depressions feels depressed everyday day (Evans Andrews, 2005). Dysthymia This

Definition of an Activated Complex in Chemistry

An activated complex is an intermediate state that is formed during the conversion of reactants into products. An activated complex is the structure that results in the maximum energy point along the reaction path. The activation energy of a chemical reaction is the difference between the energy of the activated complex and the energy of the reactants. How an Activated Complex Works Consider a chemical reaction between reactants A and B to form products C and D. The reactants must collide with each other and interact in order to form the products. Several factors improve the chances that A and B will encounter each other, including increased temperature, increased concentration of reactants, or adding a catalyst. In a reaction with an activated complex, A and B form the complex A-B. The complex only forms if sufficient energy (the activation energy) is present. The energy of the activated complex is higher than that of either the reactants or products, which makes the activated complex unstable and temporary. If there isnt enough energy for the activated complex to form the products, it eventually breaks apart into the reactants. If enough energy is available, the products form. Activated Complex Versus Transition State Some textbooks use the terms transition state and activated complex interchangeably, but they mean different things. The transition state refers only to the highest potential energy of the atoms participating in a chemical reaction. The activated complex covers a range of atom configurations that atoms form on their way from reactant to products. In other words, the transition state is the one molecular configuration that occurs at the peak of the energy diagram of the reaction. The activated complex may be present at any point near the transition state.

Substance Abuse Prevention On Adolescents - 1451 Words

Substance Abuse Prevention in Adolescents Adolescence is the most common period of life in which both recreational and therapeutic drug use is introduced. Coincidentally, brain development and maturity is also at an all time high during this stage of life (2). When initiating the use of a therapeutic drug, the health care provider compares the risk to the benefit. If the benefit outweighs the risk, the drug is generally prescribed effectively. This process allows for the safe and applicable use of various medications. On the other hand, recreational drug use involves substance abuse without the supervision of a healthcare provider. Recreational drug use can prove extremely harmful and often leads to substance dependency. Most substance†¦show more content†¦Family influence is another important factor to consider when looking at adolescent substance abuse. Parenting practices should be carefully constructed and conflict should be avoided at all costs. Harsh disciplinary action can lead to retaliation and further encourage adolescents to abuse various substances. On the contrary, poor parental monitoring and a lack of family bonding can lead to the adolescent looking for an escape, which in this case, would be substance abuse (1). As nurses, it’s important that we intervene before the adolescent becomes dependent on any selected substance. â€Å"Appropriate, early intervention may restore the normal course of an abnormal trajectory and reduce the likelihood of developing a substance use disorder (SUD) later in life† (2). Teaching adolescents about the negative effects of substance abuse can prevent initiation, dependency, and literally save their life. In this paper, I’ll develop a teaching plan for adolescents to discourage substance abuse. I’ll begin by further identifying the target population and the prevalence of the issue. I’ll then use the nursing process (Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation) to formulate this plan for the target audience, relying heavily on effective teaching styles for the chosen age group. Target Audience and Prevalence Adolescence is a period of life consisting of change and

Essay on Tess of the DUrbervilles vs. Jane Eyre - 607 Words

The two novels are based in the past when women were not considered as equal to men. The characters, Tess and Jane are both the main characters of the novels ‘Tess of the DUrbervilles and ‘Jane Eyre. ‘Tess of the DUrbervilles is based on the experiences of Tess. Whereas, ‘ Jane Eyre is an autobiographical book about Jane. The value of money plays a major role in both characters life. The characters Jane and Tess are both women and so they are subject to discrimination. They both have a lot in common, for example both Tess and Jane are caring, brave, forgiving and very determined. Both characters faced challenges, difficulties and hardships, but they were able to tackle them with their best abilities. One of the main themes of both†¦show more content†¦She struggles and faces a lot of hardships, which proves Tesss bravery at the end of the novel. Furthermore, Tess and Jane are light hearted, they are forgiving. For example: Jane forgives her cousins and aunt f or the unfairness they committed against her and Tess forgives Alec for the serious crime he committed against her. They are both very determined to do what they decide to do. This is proven in Janes case when she stays away from Mr. Rochester even though he leaves her alone. In Tess case, she is determined to stay away from Alec DUrbervilles. Similarly, both Jane and Tess faced crisis situations and they tackled them with their best abilities. Jane proves her ability when she saves Mr. Rochesters life during the fire and Tess proves it when she takes care of her family. One of the main themes of both novels is the way men dominate women and the womens inferiority. Both characters got what was needed for women, at that time. For example Jane had many talents which were the main ones at that time (art, music, singing, teaching etc.). Tess knew farming which was needed to help support her family. This shows their wish to help out. But even with these advantages, they had an inferiority complex which was due to the men dominating society. Thomas , Hardy. Tess of the dUrbervilles . England: Random House,

Breaking Boundaries Of Tradition History - 1996 Words

Breaking Boundaries of Tradition War warps a culture in many ways not just how they act during the actual war itself. It also causes a change in the people within the culture, their ideals, beliefs, and humanities. The Holocaust is a great example of a culture- warping event. Many who read of the Holocaust and study it in high school or college do not often see the after affects of the war on the people. Most of the victims of this horrible event that survived were in their teens or thirties. Many people downplay the event to be a tragedy in the past, when in reality it is still a tragedy that is still affecting our present today. When someone reads of the Holocaust most of the time, they will think about the people who died, but rarely will they consider those who survived. There are many survivors today who are not recognized for their struggles the face today, as well as the ones they have faced in their history. The after affects on these people is still prominent even today, thr ough the low numbers in their population, and their psychological damage. The films â€Å"Schindler’s List† and â€Å"The Boy in the Striped Pajamas† are both set in the Holocaust. Schindler was a man of great wealth, and was also a German. He was an executive, and like most businesspersons, he wanted to make more money. Therefore, he implored the help of someone to run the numbers, and keep track of his money. The man that he hired was a Jew by the name of Itzhak Stern. Schindler hired this man becauseShow MoreRelatedThe Artist Is Present : Challenging Performance And Cultural Politics1506 Words   |  7 Pagesendure the most physical and mental limits to achieve emotional and spiritual transformation. From this, her concern is with her body in creating works that practice the simple actions of everyday life that break barriers of gender, sexuality, and history of performance art by reversing the roles where the audience becomes the active participant. The si milarities are worth noting; although the differences that exist require deeper thought and analysis. Performance art and Abramović’s form of performanceRead MoreMajor Traditions Of Western Theology Essay1608 Words   |  7 Pages1. Briefly compare and contrast two (2) of the major traditions of western theology. Put these in conversation with each other and show how they critique and/or complement one another. The Reformed theology expresses an explicit theology that is based on foundational beliefs, including high esteem for Scripture (infallible and inerrant) and a theocentric-focused posture that states the triune God should be center of Christianity (as opposed to only Jesus). These beliefs are applied to all of creationRead MoreFactors That Affect The Development Of People From Families1113 Words   |  5 Pagesstray the usual path from the family’s imprints of characteristics and values can be considered a swan or an ugly duckling. It is difficult to take the road less traveled as family tradition, values, or heritages have large pulls and impacts on the direction of their offspring. Families that are active with military history continue to provide the nation with future troops. Hearing the values and the stories can draw individuals into wanting to follow the same steps. These stories become how offspringRead MoreThe Role Of Gender Roles In The Elizabethan Era1075 Words   |  5 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚   The stereotypical topic of gender roles in early history is the definition of the Elizabethan Era. Since the beginning of time females has been ranked below all male figures in status as well as a work force. Furthermore, the men were known to be the breadwinners for the family whereas the women were meant to stay at home housewife (Sharnette). Throughout history this storetype has evolved, but an average day for a male and female during the Elizabethan Era is rather contrasting. With women havingRead MoreThe Case For Contamination By Kwame Anthony Appiah1448 Words   |  6 PagesThrough the lenses of preservationists, culture is authentic, carries traditions tha t keep historical ancestry alive, and is threatened by â€Å"cultural imperialism†. From a cosmopolitan perspective, culture is the freedom of choice, made up of multiple values and ideas that allow individuals to reinvigorate its uniqueness in an ever changing society. In â€Å"The Case for Contamination†, published by the New York Times Magazine, Kwame Anthony Appiah addresses the concern regarding the diminishment of culturalRead MoreA Linguistic Term For Indo European And Indian History1164 Words   |  5 Pagesgridded pattern of Harappans (Robert Westad 2014a). When the Aryans migrated into the Indus Valley they brought with them a culture that was very different from any other region (Breyer 2004). The invaders had two contributions to Indian history; it’s formal history and its social institutions (Robert Westad 2014a). One of the biggest social institutions that the Aryans brought to India was the unique social structure; in their system every class had a duty to their society (Breyer 2004). OriginallyRead MoreReligion At The University Of Dayton1552 Words   |  7 PagesPortier discusses Ninian Smart’s tactic for studying religion, which includes sevenfold schema that provides a guideline for how to compare and contrast religions. Religions can be studied from a non-religious standpoint in order to comprehend the history of the world during ancient times. Religion taught in American universities can be broken down into two categories. The first is theology, which according to the American Academy of Religion, â€Å"studies religion from the perspective of a particularRead MoreWhich Policy Had the Largest Impact on the Indigenous Australians1018 Words   |  5 PagesThere have been many unanswered questions in Australia about Aboriginal history. One of these is which government policy towards indigenous people has had the largest impact on Indigenous Australians? Through research the Assimilation Policy had the largest impact upon Indigenous Australians and the three supporting arguments to prove this are the Aborigines losing their rights to freedom, Aboriginal children being removed from their families, and finally the loss of aboriginality. The AssimilationRead MoreThe Laws For How Women And Men Should Act Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pagesdefined. From the earliest recorded laws, historians can see that societies had separate roles for men and women. Nina McConigley, author of Cowboys and East Indians, explores the role of gender throughout her short stories. Often allowing clear boundaries to be crossed, and doing this in a way that the reader understands that cultural rules are being violated. One of her most extreme examples of cultural expectation and deviation in this book is in the short story â€Å"Pomp and Circumstances.† As earlyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Hills Like White Elephants 1502 Words   |  7 Pageshave a similar meaning. The answer to the meaning of these material objects would be curtains, tall and wide mountains like the Appalachians, and trains. These may just be material objects, but the allegory, or symbolism, is alive and useful in both history and present day. Hills Like White Elephants, A Rose For Emily, and Where Are You Going, Where have you been? are all fictional short stories, with numerous amounts of allegory, or symbolism, to be analyzed by the use of quotes from each story

Quality Metric Management

Question: According to Philip Crosby "Quality is Free." As a leader of a company, how will you set the operating budget for your Quality Department/Team and how will you decide how much to spend on Quality initiatives. What performance measures will you rely upon? Please remember to include your references. Answer: Quality is an inventory performance and health indicator. It was first developed by a group of materials managers who sought to find a way to measure how company's inventories are in alignment with the demand for the products (see Note 1). The QUALITY metric approaches inventory management from an inventory valuation perspective, relative to the projected usage value. This method effectively addresses the variety of issues that are inherent with inventory analytics based on only valuation or units currently on hand. The problem with inventory-value-based analysis is that the SKUs that have the most value currently in inventory show up on top of the inventory lists, whether there is demand for them or not, or if the already-high inventory investment is sufficient enough. Volume-based inventory analysis becomes convoluted very quickly when the company's products come in various units of measure. Inventory metrics based on financial characteristics are lagging indicators that provide no insight into what is driving the inventory levels. They are also too late to signal a timely response, and are blind to the inventory performance against future requirements. The financial inventory values only show how much inventory exists, and inventory-turn-based metrics are calculated using the historical cost of goods sold. The values are aggregated across a company's reporting units, with metrics updated infrequently, usually on a monthly basis. The judgment of the inventory levels is made against historical levels, peer benchmarks or company objectives. Even if they were updated and reported more frequently, they wouldn't demonstrate how the on-hand inventories are performing against the planned future demand and service-level targets. The Quality metric is calculated from the inventory and material requirement data that most companies already have readily available in their ERP systems or higher-level planning systems of record. The metric evaluates the current inventory values against the expected usage value, and divides in the inventories into "active" and "excess" categories. Active inventory is the portion of total inventory value that is forecast to be depleted within a defined time horizon, and the rest is excess inventory. QUALITY is a ratio of active inventory value over the total inventory value. In this research, we describe the basic data requirements for QUALITY calculation and provide a breakdown of the calculation steps for generating the values for the metric. References: International Journal on productivity and Quality Management. (2013, January 28th). Retrieved from https://www.inderscience.com/jhome.php?jcode=IJPQMQuality Management Program. (2013, January 28th). Retrieved from https://www.edqm.eu/en/quality-management-19.html